2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide are endocannabinoids that activate the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoid signaling is terminated by enzymatic hydrolysis, a process that for anandamide is mediated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and for 2-AG is thought to involve monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). FAAH inhibitors produce a select subset of the behavioral effects ...

The journal article titled “Effect of Preoperative Erythromycin or Dexamethasone/Vitamin C on Postoperative Abomasal Emptying Rate in Dairy Cows Undergoing Surgical Correction of Abomasal Volvulus” and written by Dr Thomas Wittek, Kataj Tischles, Imke Korner, Dr Tatjana Sattler, Dr Peter Constable, and Dr Manfred Furll may be relevant to practicing veterinarians in dairy practice. The paper con...

The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers heat stress (HS) from an automatic milking system (AMS), the relationships between measurements temperature-humidity index (THI), reticulorumen pH and temperature, some systems parameters in dairy cows (rumination time (RT), milk traits, body weight (BW) consumption concentrate (CC)) during summer period. Lithuanian Black White (n=365) were selec...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio (F:C) of diets fed before and during short-term feed restriction (FR) on rumen fermentation, absorptive capacity of the reticulorumen, and apparent total tract digestibility. Twenty ovariectomized and ruminally cannulated Angus × Hereford heifers were blocked by BW and individually penned in box stalls (9...

Acute Escherichia coli mastitis is one of the major sources of economic loss in the dairy industry due to reduced milk production, treatment costs, discarded milk, and occasional fatal disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used as adjunctive therapy to antibiotics. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of carprofen treatment following infu...

In a 4 × 4 Latin square design (24-d periods), 4 ruminally cannulated Hereford × Angus/ Simmental heifers were used to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of monensin concentration on DMI, ruminal fermentation, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) absorption across the reticulorumen, and total tract barrier function. Heifers were fed a barley-based finishing diet (76% rolled barley grain, 12% bar...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence temperature and humidity index on reticulorumen parameters such as temperature, pH, rumination index, cow walking activity levels. Throughout experiment, following were recorded: pH (pH), (RR temp.), without drinking cycles, ambient relative humidity, levels, heat temperature–humidity (THI). These registered with particular smaXtec boluses. Sm...

The gut is a neurological organ, which implies that many neuroactive drugs such as opioid analgesics can seriously disturb gastrointestinal function, because many of the transmitters and transmitter receptors present in the brain are also found in the enteric nervous system. One of the most common manifestations of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction is constipation which results from blockade of ...

Clozapine is the preferred antipsychotic used for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia with suicidal ideation. The drug is started at a low dose and gradually increased to a target dose of 300-450 mg/day. It is well known to cause agranulocytosis and neutropenia. Several cases of fatal sepsis have been reported in neutropenic patients and emphasis is placed on monitoring for agranulocytosis...