How do people decide whether to try to retrieve an answer to a problem or to compute the answer by some other means? The authors report 2 experiments showing that this decision is based on problem familiarity rather than on retrievability of some answer (correct or incorrect), even when problem familiarization occurred 24 hr earlier. These effects at the level of the individual problem solver a...

We are interested in this problem: a verifier, with a small and reliable storage, wants to periodically check whether a remote server is keeping a large file x. A dishonest server, by adapting the challenges and responses, tries to discard partial information of x and yet evades detection. Besides the security requirements, there are considerations on communication, storage size and computation...

There has been considerable recent interest in “cloud storage” wherein a user asks a server to store a large file. One issue is whether the user can verify that the server is actually storing the file, and typically a challenge-response protocol is employed to convince the user that the file is indeed being stored correctly. The security of these schemes is phrased in terms of an extractor whic...

Cloud service providers offer various facilities to their clients. The clients with limited resources opt for some of these facilities. They can outsource their bulk data to the cloud server. The cloud server maintains these data in lieu of monetary benefits. However, a malicious cloud server might delete some of these data to save some space and offer this extra amount of storage to another cl...

We consider the following cloud storage scenario. A client outsources a file F to a CSP. To handle large files, F is first partitioned into subfiles of equal length, which are then individually processed. Let F be divided to ns subfiles f1, f2, . . . fns . Each fi is independently encoded to yi through the application of a linear ECC C of length n, dimension k, and minimum distance d over a fin...

laboratory trials have shown a potential detrimental effect upon the application of load, clinical long-term follow-up studies do not support such assertions, reporting comparable outcomes instead. Furthermore, arguments of increased rates of screw loosening and fractures in screw-retained abutments should be classified according to their publication date and the type of components used at that...

OBJECTIVES There were two study objectives: (i) to identify, via consensus, a key set of items for estimating the costs of productivity loss from a company's perspective and (ii) to develop recommendations for the costs of estimating productivity loss on the basis of consensus findings. METHODS A modified Delphi procedure was utilized in which a predetermined set of 26 items formed the basis ...

Retrieval systems based on N-grams have been used as alternatives to word-based systems. N-grams offer a language-independent technique that allows retrieval based on portions of words. A query that contains misspellings or differences in transliteration can defeat word-based systems. N-gram systems are more resistant to these problems. We present a retrieval system based on N-grams that uses a...

We consider the problem of phase retrieval from magnitudes short-time Fourier transform (STFT) measurements. It is well-known that signals are uniquely determined (up to global phase) by their STFT magnitude when underlying window has an ambiguity function nowhere vanishing. less clear, however, what can be said in terms unique phase-retrievability vanishes on some time-frequency plane. In this...