Reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) are the two most important membrane technologies for water desalination treatment. Their transport mechanisms very different, but on a closer look also have many similarities. In this tutorial review, we describe state-of-the-art theory both processes, focusing simple examples that helpful non-specialist classroom teaching. We relevant ion coupling ...

During the half century of development from a laboratory discovery to plants capable of producing up to half a million tons of desalinated seawater per day, Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology has undergone rapid transition. This transition process has caused signification transformation and consolidation in membrane chemistry, module design, and RO plant configuration and operation. From the early...

Desalination that produces clean freshwater from seawater holds the promise of solving the global water shortage for drinking, agriculture and industry. However, conventional desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and thermal distillation involve large amounts of energy consumption, and the semipermeable membranes widely used in reverse osmosis face the challenge to provide a high th...

Abstract: Coober Pedy is a remote town in South Australia with abundant solar radiation and scarce and low quality water, where a reverse osmosis plant has been operating since 1967. This paper evaluates the feasibility of powering the plant with solar or photovoltaic (PV) panels whilst avoiding energy storage in batteries. Pilot tests were performed in October 2005 with a small scale PV-powere...

A novel thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was developed by the interfacial polymerization (IP) of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and m-phenylene diamine (MPD) on the hollow fibre ultrafiltration polysulphone (PS) membrane. The performance of the TFC membrane was optimized by studying the preparation parameters, which included monomer TMC concentration, monomer MPD concentration ...

Atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic renal failure. Microinflammation is involved in atherogenesis and is associated with uremia and dialysis. The role of dialysate water contamination in inducing inflammation has been debated. Our aim was to study inflammatory markers in patients on chronic dialysis, before and 3 to 6 months after switching the water purification system from deio...