We address how to manage extended supply chains that lie beyond the first-tier suppliers. The suppliers have their who provide them with goods or services. While lower-tier are often not an explicit concern of focal firm, firm's performance only depends on its suppliers, but also and beyond. These much less visible may even be known firm. Our intention is bring awareness importance these captur...

The bullwhip effect one of the most studied phenomenon in forward supply chains is also growing interest from the academia to be studied in closed loop supply chains. This paper aims to compare the bullwhip effect causes and factors in forward supply chains with those for closed loop supply chains. The methodology used was a systematic literature review of the papers that were published in acad...

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it discusses how the functioning and performance of food chains are affected by the way stakeholders are embedded in the chains, by the coordination modes, and by the kind of governance. Second, by depicting six relevant agro-food chains, attention is raised on the kind of the stakeholders that participate in the chain and on the role of each with a spec...

Ozone affects the polypeptide chains of virus membrane therefore making it unable to adhere to target cells (hepatocytes) as well as changes the activity of reverse transcriptase enzyme involved in the synthesis of virus proteins and thereby blockades a reproductive cycle of virus (Freberg, Carpendale, 1988). The capsulated viruses are more sensitive to ozone as the capsule contains more lipids...

On the morning of September 11, 2001 the United States and the Western world entered a new era – one in which indiscriminate terrorist acts of all kinds must be expected. Many, if not most, of the expected consequences of the new era will be reflected in supply chain management challenges: relations with suppliers and customers, transportation difficulties and revised inventory management strat...

Internet technology with its standards of exchange has been regarded as a method to reduce the amount of communication interfaces among the partners in supply chains. Since enterprises have a huge amount of relationships to partners fulfilling various tasks and business processes, the usage of the internet and its standards can hardly be considered to be the same interface for each actor. In fa...

Agile supply chains; characterized by decentralization and dynamism have redefined the performance metrics for gaining competitive advantage for organizations. The extended supply chains of today need a high alignment of the information flow across disparate and decentralized links of supply chains. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technologies are suitable for enabling the information flow of supply chains....

This paper presents current supply chain configurations for concrete reinforcement steel (rebar) in the Turkish construction industry. The supply chains were assessed by the value stream mapping method and were investigated through visits to firms involved in the supply chain and interviews with practitioners. Five different types of rebar supply chain configurations were identified in the case...