Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still causing disastrous effects in various parts of the world through recurring waves. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-negative COVID-19 particularly challenging as these patients are less likely to receive treatment and more progress severe disease. Thus, it imperative find markers that can predict severity ...

Background: Human rotavirus (HRV) is the causative agent of severe gastroenteritis in children and responsible for two million hospitalizations and more than a half-million deaths annually. Sequence characteristics of the gene segments encoding the VP7 and VP4 proteins are used for the genotype classification of rotavirus. A wide variety of molecular methods are available, mainly based on rever...

Dengue virus (DNV) is the cause of dengue infections and Pakistan along with the world is now being overloaded with their patients. The molecular epidemiological studies reveal that there are four serotypes of the DNV circulating throughout the endemic countries. Non-structural glycoprotein (NS-1) causes the damage of hepatocytes along with the activation of the complement system which in turn ...

Early diagnosis is among the crucial measures to control spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To date, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gold standard for COVID-19 testing, but various factors can affect its performance leading false negative results. Hereby we present a patient with high clinical suspicion and had multiple RT-PCR results over 5 days. A 22-year-old woman prese...

The article describes a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method for semiquantitative assessment of mRNA expression for chemotactic cytokines in the lower respiratory tract cells. Cytokine mRNA was detected using PCR preceded by reverse transcription of mRNA into cDNA. The procedures of RNA extraction and of reverse transcription-PCR assay are described in the first part of the article. The...

The detection of coronavirus disease 2019 cases represents a significant challenge at the epidemiological level. Limitations exist in effectively detecting asymptomatic cases, achieving good follow‑up hospitals without infrastructure for reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) or difficult‑to‑access areas and developing methods with need less invasive sampling procedures. Therefore, pr...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes long-term infections associated with severe gastric diseases such as peptic ulceration and cancer. Exposure to an antibacterial agent can help regulate the expression levels of its pathogenic genes. In this study, we analyzed transcriptional changes in H. genes induced by β-caryophyllene. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyze RNA changes, r...

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents in children usually with less severe manifestations than adults. Although fever and cough were reported as the most common symptoms, can have non-specific symptoms. We describe an infant aplastic anemia main manifestation. Case presentation a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection without any respiratory symptoms or signs while manifesting princ...

Type I trichomes of tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Moneymaker), as outgrowths the plant epidermis, are suitable for monitoring infection processes powdery mildew species using a high-fidelity digital microscope (DM) without fungal staining. On trichomes, (Pseudoidium neolycopersici L. Kiss) isolate KTP-03 produced maximum four vigorously elongated hyphae per conidium, which stopp...

Abstract Background Hypertrophy is a critical process for chondrocyte differentiation and maturation during endochondral ossification, which responsible the formation of long bone postnatal longitudinal growth. Increasing evidence suggests that melatonin, an indole hormone, plays pivotal role in chondrogenesis. However, little known about effects melatonin on terminal chondrocytes. Methods Mese...