An explicit numerical method to solve a fractional cable equation which involves two temporal Riemann-Liouville derivatives is studied. The numerical difference scheme is obtained by approximating the first-order derivative by a forward difference formula, the Riemann-Liouville derivatives by the Grünwald-Letnikov formula, and the spatial derivative by a three-point centered formula. The accura...

Although there have existed some numerical algorithms for the fractional differential equations, developing high-order methods (i.e., with convergence order greater than or equal to 2) is just the beginning. Lubich has ever proposed the high-order schemes when he studied the fractional linear multistep methods, where he constructed the pth order schemes (p = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) for the αth order Rie...

An attempt is given to formulate the extensions of the KP hierarchy by introducing fractional order pseudo-differential operators. In the case of the extension with the half-order pseudo-differential operators, a system analogous to the supersymmetric extensions of the KP hierarchy is obtained. Unlike the supersymmetric extensions, no Grassmannian variable appears in the hierarchy considered he...

We investigate the relation between the small deviation problem for a symmetric α-stable random vector in a Banach space and the metric entropy properties of the operator generating it. This generalizes former results due to Li and Linde and to Aurzada. It is shown that this problem is related to the study of the entropy numbers of a certain random operator. In some cases an interesting gap app...

where D , D , and D are the standard Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives, I and I are the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals, and 0 < γ < 1 < β < 2 < α < 3, ν,ω > 0, 0 < η, ξ < 1, k ∈R, f ∈ C([0, 1]×R×R,R), g ∈ C([0, 1]×R,R). The p-Laplacian operator is defined as φp(t) = |t|p–2t, p > 1, and (φp) = φq, 1 p + 1 q = 1. The study of boundary value problems in the setting of fractional cal...

Discrete maps with long-term memory are obtained from nonlinear differential equations with Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. These maps are generalizations of the well-known universal map. The memory means that their present state is determined by all past states with special forms of weights. To obtain discrete maps from fractional differential equations, we use the equival...

approximating the solution of differential equations of fractional order is necessary because fractional differential equations have extensively been used in physics, chemistry as well as engineering fields. in this paper with central difference approximation and newton cots integration formula, we have found approximate solution for a class of boundary value problems of fractional order. three...