Background: The field of health sciences is always related to practical activities in the laboratory. The limited ability of educational institutions to prepare pretty expensive practicum materials makes it essential to use other methods as a substitute or minimize the use of excessive practicum materials because they must be done repeatedly. Accordingly, the present systematic review seeks to ...

Background and aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health challenge worldwide, with adverse consequences of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature death. Chronic kidney disease leads to the end stage of renal disease (ESRD), if late/not diagnosed. Competing risk modeling is a major issue in Epidemiology research. In Epidemiology study, sometimes inappropriate met...

Background and Objectives: Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training as part of an educational program for patients involved in pathologic and physiological events (PPE) can have important physiological and psychological benefits for the patients, and can affect various dimensions of their lives including the quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determin...

BACKGROUND Risk-of-bias assessments are now a standard component of systematic reviews. At present, reviewers need to manually identify relevant parts of research articles for a set of methodological elements that affect the risk of bias, in order to make a risk-of-bias judgement for each of these elements. We investigate the use of text mining methods to automate risk-of-bias assessments in sy...

BACKGROUND Selection bias occurs when recruiters selectively enrol patients into the trial based on what the next treatment allocation is likely to be. This can occur even if appropriate allocation concealment is used if recruiters can guess the next treatment assignment with some degree of accuracy. This typically occurs in unblinded trials when restricted randomisation is implemented to force...

Demographic biases and social stereotypes are common in pretrained language models (PLMs), while the fine-tuning downstream applications can also produce new or amplify impact of original biases. Existing works separate debiasing from procedure, which results a gap between intrinsic bias application bias. In this work, we propose framework CauDebias to eliminate both biases, directly combines w...

the field of cognitive psychology has increasingly provided scientific insights to explore how humans are subject to unconscious sources of evidentiary bias, leading to errors that can affect judgement and decision-making. increasingly these insights are being applied outside the realm of individual decision-making to the collective arena of policy-making as well. a recent editorial in this jou...