Mass adult male circumcision campaigns for HIV prevention are underway across much of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, concern remains about risk compensation associated with the reduction in the probability of HIV transmission per risky act. This paper examines the behavioral response to male circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya. Contrary to the presumption of risk compensation, we find that the response...

the adverse effect of climate change on agriculture has increased the importance of weather index insurance, particularly in developing countries. by using several econometric models, this study estimated the price and evaluated its effectiveness in rainfall index insurance for rice and wheat in nepal. crop yields associated with seasonal rainfall in three crop reporting districts were applied ...

Sexual risk reduction interventions are often ineffective for women who drink alcohol. The present study examines whether an alcohol-related sexual risk reduction intervention successfully trains women to increase assertive communication behaviors and decrease aggressive communication behaviors. Women demonstrated their communication skills during interactive role-plays with male role-play part...

CONTEXT Adolescent pregnancy, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problems in the U.S. Implementing group-based interventions that address the sexual behavior of adolescents may reduce the incidence of pregnancy, HIV, and other STIs in this group. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Methods for conducting systematic reviews from the Guide to Community Preventive Ser...

The study objectives were to (a) examine the association between total number of trauma types experienced and child/adolescent behavioral problems and (b) determine whether the number of trauma types experienced predicted youth behavioral problems above and beyond demographic characteristics, using a diverse set of 20 types of trauma. Data came from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's...

BACKGROUND Behavior change communication (BCC) interventions, while still a necessary component of HIV prevention, have not on their own been shown to be sufficient to stem the tide of the epidemic. The shortcomings of BCC interventions are partly due to barriers arising from structural or economic constraints. Arguments are being made for combination prevention packages that include behavior c...

BACKGROUND HIV is ravaging southern Africa, and HIV transmission risk behaviors are facilitated by alcohol use in sexual contexts. There are no known interventions that directly target HIV risk behavior among people who drink and are at risk for HIV in Africa. PURPOSE To test a behavioral risk reduction counseling intervention for use in sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in souther...

In the 1950s, atherosclerosis, the disease process underlying coronary heart disease (CHD), was considered an inevitable, irreversible, and degenerative consequence of aging. Today we understand that coronary disease is treatable, that atherosclerotic plaque progression may be stabilized, and that prevention through risk factor modification can yield significant clinical benefits. Because ather...

Researchers examining injection drug users (IDUs) in drug treatment have been trying for decades to determine the optimal way to intervene to prevent the transmission and spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in this population. Although efficacious HIV risk reduction interventions are widely available, questions remain about what specific factors are most related to HIV risk behavior an...