نتایج جستجو برای: risks and uncertainties
تعداد نتایج: 16838079 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Decisions about the use of psychotropic medication in pregnancy are an ongoing challenge for clinicians and women with mental health problems, owing to the uncertainties around risks of the illness itself to mother and fetus/infant, effectiveness of medications in pregnancy and risks to the fetus/infant from in utero exposure or via breast milk. These consensus guidelines aim to provide pragmat...
Since the International Agency for Research on Cancer labeled crystalline silica a probable carcinogen in 1988, government regulations have required sand and other products to contain warning labels and researchers have attempted to quantitatively assess low-exposure risks. The uncertainties are unlikely to diminish any time soon, and little value exists in calculating such risks, as low exposu...
Discussions of the environmental risks and benefits of adopting genetically engineered organisms are highly polarized between pro- and anti-biotechnology groups, but the current state of our knowledge is frequently overlooked in this debate. A review of existing scientific literature reveals that key experiments on both the environmental risks and benefits are lacking. The complexity of ecologi...
Purpose: The study proposes a conceptual framework on how institutions influence risk and uncertainty. Beyond the nuances in defining concepts existing literature, role of shaping risks uncertainties remains understudied. This paper adopts new institutional economics (NIE) perspective to revisit uncertainty provide deeper reflection about its interactions with formal informal institutions. Meth...
Risk-based management of environmental systems, like rivers, lakes, groundwater aquifers and coastal areas, is a very useful approach for combating specific problems, like water pollution and loss of ecosystems biodiversity. Uncertainties that could be inherent to natural variabilities in space and time, such as those due to hydrological and climatic variations, together with uncertainties rela...
In an engineering context the precautionary principle is often perceived as an excuse to do nothing or a substantial barrier to technical progress. The precautionary principle requires that remedial measures be taken in situations of scientific uncertainty where evidence of harm cannot be proven but potential damage to human or environmental health is significant. In this paper the scope of the...
Much research on food safety has been conducted since the National Food Safety Initiative of 1997. Risk assessment plays an important role in food safety practices and programs, and various dose-response models for estimating microbial risks have been investigated. Several dose-response models can provide reasonably good fits to the data in the experimental dose range, but yield risk estimates ...
The precautionary principle calls for preventive actions in the face of uncertain information about risks. It serves as a compass to better guide more health-protective decisions in the face of complex risks. Applying precaution requires thinking more broadly about risks, taking an interdisciplinary approach to science and policy, and considering a wide range of alternatives to potentially harm...
Investing in the agricultural sector exposes producers to numerous risks and uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, their impacts are still being felt globally. Our study aims evaluate describe risk management strategies employed by small farmers Missouri mitigate adapt impact of on farm operations. We analyzed 141 survey responses, our findings indicate that most re...
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