conclusions in conclusion, the prevalence of hbv infection was low in the south of iran, but genotype d represented the major hbv genotype in this population. among the variables, age, duration of hd, history of blood transfusion, and using shared hd devices influenced the prevalence of hbv among hd patients. results both kinds of assay determined that nine (5.88%) patients were hbv positive (h...

Detection of infectious viruses in mosquitoes is one the prerequisite measures to monitor prevalence vector-borne viral diseases. Determining which are currently infected with arboviruses such as Zika, dengue, and chikungunya virus not yet practical endemic areas due multiple causes including difficulty dealing virus’ unstable RNA. In this study, instead handling RNA, virus-derived DNA (vDNA) w...

Members of two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant groups of influenza A/WSN virus defective in complementary RNA synthesis were analyzed with respect to the identity of their defective genes. RNA analysis of recombinants having a ts+ phenotype derived from the mutants and HK virus permitted the identification of RNA 1 and RNA 2 as the single defective gene in mutant groups I and III, respectivel...

RNA silencing can function as a virus defense mechanism in a diverse range of eukaryotes, and many viruses are capable of suppressing the silencing machinery targeting them. However, the extent to which this occurs between fungal RNA silencing and mycoviruses is unclear. Here, three Aspergillus dsRNA mycoviruses were partially characterized, and their relationship to RNA silencing was investiga...

Various rat cell lines have been analyzed for expression of endogenous RNA homologous either to RT21C, a typical rat type C virus, or to Kirsten sarcoma virus. Cells have been found that express either (i) high levels of RNA homologous to RT21C rat type C virus and low levels of RNA homologous to Kirsten sarcoma virus (RT21Chigh,sarclow) or (ii) high levels of RNA homologous to Kirsten sarcoma ...

The study of viruses and their interactions with host cells and organisms has benefited greatly from the ability to engineer specific mutations into viral genomes, a technique known as reverse genetics. Genome manipulations of DNA viruses, either by transfecting cells with plasmids encoding the viral genome (1) or by heterologous recombination of plasmids bearing viral sequences with the virus ...

Viruses containing RNA genomes, or RNA viruses, constitute an extensive genetic group of plant, animal, and human viruses. RNA viruses include many viruses that are important human pathogens, and have been shown to have the ability to move from animals to humans, resulting in zoonotic-human epidemics. RNA viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity are known as positiv...

The new coronavirus pandemic brought the need for researchers to work tirelessly in search therapies or vaccines that would allow control of spread virus around world. Fortunately there are two RNA against COVID-19 have finished clinical tests and approved some countries. They first third generation history time record. But still concerns about safety DNA/RNA vaccines. Here we bring a discussio...

Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated Newcastle disease virus which has lost its infectivity but has the capacity to induce interferon also has the capacity to induce ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis both in vitro and early in infection in vivo. With large doses of UV irradiation, RNA-synthesizing capacity and interferon-inducing capacity are lost in parallel. Limited amounts of base-paired RNA associate...