The properties of baryons containing one heavy quark are studied in the Skyrme model, where they are treated as bound states of a heavy meson with an SU(2) chiral soliton. In the large Nc limit, the baryon spectrum is an infinite tower of degenerate states with isospin and spin of the light degrees of freedom I = sl = 0, 1, 2, . . ., and total spin s = |sl ± 1/2|. Exotic states with no quark mo...

where λ is the soliton constant. In [2], Lauret proves the existence of many left invariant Ricci solitons on nilpotent Lie groups. The first explicit construction of Lauret solitons has been obtained by Baird and Danielo in [4]. In particular they show that the soliton structure on Nil is of nongradient type. Remarkably this is the first example of nongradient Ricci soliton. In [5], it is prov...

: optical separate spatial dark and bright soliton pairs in steady-state case in one dimension, for a series circuit consisting of two-photon photorefractive (pr) crystal are investigated. each crystal can be supported the spatial soliton, and at least one must be photovoltaic. the two solitons are known collectively as separate spatial soliton pairs with dark–dark, bright–dark and bright–brigh...

We present a general scheme for constructing robust excitations (soliton-like) in non-integrable multicomponent systems. By robust, we mean localised that propagate with almost constant velocity and which interact cleanly little to no radiation. achieve this via reduction of these complex systems more familiar effective chiral field-theories using perturbation techniques the Fredholm alternativ...

The possibility of unidirectional motion of a kink (topological soliton) of a dissipative sine-Gordon equation in the presence of ac forces with harmonic mixing (at least biharmonic) and of zero mean, is presented. The dependence of the kink mean velocity on system parameters is investigated numerically and the results are compared with a perturbation analysis based on a point-particle represen...

Gain-guided solitons are experimentally observed in dispersion-managed fiber lasers with large net positive group-velocity dispersion. It is shown that formation of the soliton is a robust feature of the lasers. Numerical simulations also confirmed the experimental results.

In this paper, we obtained the 1-soliton solutions of the symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation and the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equations. Solitary wave ansatz method is used to carry out the integration of the equations and obtain topological soliton solutions The physical parameters in the soliton solutions are obtained as functions of the dependent coefficients. Note t...

We study the frame dependence of nucleon structure functions obtained within a chiral soliton model for the nucleon. Employing light cone coordinates and introducing collective coordinates together with their conjugate momenta, translational invariance of the solitonic quark fields (which describe the nucleon as a localized object) is restored. This formulation allows us to perform a Lorentz bo...

Fountain codes are becoming increasingly important for data transferring over dedicated high-speed long-distance network. However, the encoding and decoding complexity of traditional fountain codes such as LT and Raptor codes are still high. In this paper, a new fountain codes named LRF (Loss Rate Based Fountain) codes for data transfer is proposed. In order to improve the performance of encodi...

The generation of a quadratic soliton in pulse-pumped microresonator has attracted significant interest recent years. strong second-order nonlinearity and high peak power pumps offer straightforward way to increase efficiency. In this case, the influence third-order effect becomes cannot be ignored. paper, we study degenerate optical parametric oscillator driven synchronously by pulse pump with...