The potential and actual connections between rod and rod bipolar arrays in the area centralis of the cat retina were studied by electron microscopy of serial ultrathin sections. In the region studied there were about 378,000 rods/mm2 and 36,000-47,000 rod bipolars/mm2. The tangential spread of rod bipolar dendrites was 11.2 pm in diameter, and the "coverage factor" for the rod bipolar cell was ...

Analysis of reciprocating equipment piston rod leads to nonlinear elastic-plastic deformation analysis of rod with initial imperfection under axial dynamic load. In this paper a new and effective model and analytical formulations are presented to evaluate dynamic deformation and elastic-plastic stresses of reciprocating machine piston rod. This new method has capability to account for geometric...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine if patients fused with multi-rod constructs to the pelvis have a lower incidence of lumbosacral rod failure and pseudarthrosis than those fused with dual-rod constructs. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of consecutive adult spinal deformity patients who underwent long fusion to the pelvis. Inclusion criteria were >5 ...

Mutations in rhodopsin, the light-sensitive protein of rod cells, are the most common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). Many rod opsin mutations, such as P23H, lead to misfolding of rod opsin with detrimental effects on photoreceptor function and viability. Misfolded P23H rod opsin and other mutations in the intradiscal domain are characterized by the formation of an inco...

OBJECTIVE Rod-screw fixation systems are widely used for spinal instrumentation. Although many biomechanical studies on rod-screw systems have been carried out, but the effects of rod contouring on the construct strength is still not very well defined in the literature. This work examines the mechanical impact of straight, 20° kyphotic, and 20° lordotic rod contouring on rod-screw fixation syst...

Rough Deal (Rod) and Zw10 are components of a complex required for the metazoan metaphase checkpoint and for recruitment of dynein/dynactin to the kinetochore. The Rod complex, like most classical metaphase checkpoint components, forms part of the outer domain of unattached kinetochores. Here we analyze the dynamics of a GFP-Rod chimera in living syncytial Drosophila embryos. Uniquely among che...

Reliability assessment of reciprocating equipment piston rod leads to nonlinear elastic-plastic deformation analysis of rod with initial imperfection under axial dynamic load. In this paper a new and effective model and analytical simulation method are presented to evaluate dynamic deformation and elastic-plastic stress of reciprocating machine piston rod. This new method has capability to acco...