The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model is used to model interest rates and interest rate derivatives. We study the term structure equation for single-factor models that predict non-negative interest rates. It is shown using finite difference techniques that if the boundary is attainable, then this boundary behaviour serves as a boundary condition and guarantees a uniqueness of solutio...

The major problem that wireless communication systems undergo is multipath fading caused by scattering of the transmitted signal. However, we can treat multipath propagation as multiple channels between the transmitter and receiver to improve the signal-to-scattering-noise ratio. While using Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) systems, the diversity receivers extract multiple signal branches or...

One of the major problems in quantum physics has been to generalize classical root-mean-square error measurements obtain an measure satisfying both soundness (to vanish for any accurate measurements) and completeness only measurements). A noise-operator based commonly used this purpose, but it turned out incomplete. Recently, Ozawa proposed a new definition be sound complete. Here, we present n...

Recent years have witnessed a controversy over Heisenberg’s famous error-disturbance relation. Here we resolve the conflict by way of an analysis of the possible conceptualizations of measurement error and disturbance in quantum mechanics. We discuss two approaches to adapting the classic notion of root-mean-square error to quantum measurements. One is based on the concept of noise operator; it...

In this paper we compute the root-mean-square (RMS) gain of a switched linear system when the interval between consecutive switchings is large. The algorithm proposed is based on the fact that a given constant γ provides an upper bound on the RMS gain whenever there is a separation between the stabilizing and the antistabilizing solutions to a set of γ-dependent algebraic Riccati equations. The...