Large umbrella space antennas are essential for communication, monitoring and observation of Earth and space objects. Despite investigations devoted to space antenna dynamics, the disturbance impulse shape effect on the root mean square error of spacecraft antenna reflecting surface has not been studied. This paper overcomes this gap describing disturbance impulse impact on root mean square err...

UNLABELLED An increase in dentin roughness, associated with surface composition, contributes to bacterial adherence in recontaminations. Surface roughness is also important for micromechanical interlocking of dental materials to dentin, and understanding the characteristics of the surface is essential to obtain the adhesion of root canal sealers that have different physico-chemical characterist...

Inoculum droplets of approximately 10 nanoliter volume and containing about 10 Rhizobium meliloti cells were placed onto the root surface of alfalfa seedlings in plastic growth pouches at either the root tip, the position of the smallest emergent root hairs, or at a site midway between these points. The droplets were initially confined to an area of about 0.2 square millimeter at the point of a...

Variations in fine root biomass of trees and understory in 16 stands throughout Finland were examined and relationships to site and stand characteristics determined. Norway spruce fine root biomass varied between 184 and 370 g m(-2), and that of Scots pine ranged between 149 and 386 g m(-2). In northern Finland, understory roots and rhizomes (< 2 mm diameter) accounted for up to 50% of the stan...

スギ挿し木コンテナ苗の出荷に適した根鉢形成状態を判断する指標として，根系による培地の表面被覆度合い（以下，表面被覆率）の有効性を検討することを目的として，コンテナ苗を用いた落下試験を行い，根量および表面被覆率と落下の衝撃で脱落する培地の割合との関係を調査した。その結果，脱落培地量を目的変数とした一般化線形モデルの結果では，表面被覆率を説明変数に採用したモデルが最適モデルとして選択された。また，コンテナ苗の根鉢の表面被覆率が高くなるのに伴って脱落培地率が指数関数的に減少した。以上の結果から，表面被覆率が挿し木コンテナ苗の根鉢強度の指標として利用可能であること，ならびに本研究で採用した培地の脱落量の許容基準（6％）に照らした場合，27％程度以上の表面被覆率がなければ最低限必要な根鉢強度が得られないことが示された。

UNLABELLED Compared to younger adults, older adults are at greater risk for root caries. A model of root caries may assist dentists in predicting disease outcomes. OBJECTIVES Using the Iowa 65+ Oral Health Survey, analysis was done to model the patterns of the root caries development in older adults. METHODS The statistical analysis included Markov chain modeling, model estimation and valid...

The resistance of some plants to Al (aluminium or aluminum) has been attributed to the secretion of Al(3+)-binding organic acid (OA) anions from the Al-sensitive root tips. Evidence for the 'OA secretion hypothesis' of resistance is substantial, but the mode of action remains unknown because the OA secretion appears to be too small to reduce adequately the activity of Al(3+) at the root surface...

INTRODUCTION Placement of mini-implants carries with it the risk of iatrogenic damage to the adjacent root surfaces. The aims of this study were to assess the type of trauma incurred on tooth roots after contact or approximation with mini-implants during placement, and to observe and analyze the healing responses via histologic analysis. METHODS Four male minipigs were used as experimental su...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultramorphology of the root surfaces induced by mechanical instrumentation performed using conventional curettes or piezoelectric scalers when used single-handedly or with a combined technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty single-rooted teeth were selected and divided into 3 groups: Group A, instrumentation with curettes; Group B instr...