Although arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induces apoptosis in a relatively wide spectrum of tumors, the sensitivity of different cell types to this treatment varies to a great extent. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically involved in As2O3-induced apoptosis, we attempted to explore the possibility that elevating the cellular ROS level might be an approach to facilitate As2O3-induced apo...

Sepsis and septic shock remain as leading cause of death in adult intensive care units. It is widely accepted that sepsis and septic shock are caused predominantly by gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. Endotoxin or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have important roles as host responses and trigger the inflammatory processes, caused by gram-negative bacterial infection. Production of oxygen ra...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in mammalian cells via both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Although certain ROS production pathways are required for the performance of specific physiological functions, excessive ROS generation is harmful, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Among the ROS-producing enzymes, NADPH oxidase is widely distributed...

Methods Intracellular ROS was measured using 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as fluorescent probes by flow cytometry in LPS-treated A549 cells. Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD, O2 ·scavenger), catalase (H2O2 scavenger), or sodium formate (OH scavenger) was performed to determine the specificity of ROS detection. To determine the source of ROS generation induced by LPS, diphenylene iod...

Nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them appropriate for various applications. The structural alteration of metallic NPs leads to different biological functions, specifically resulting in different potentials for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amount of ROS produced by metallic NPs correlates with particle size, shape, surface area...

Gene therapy has generated worldwide attention as a new medical technology. While non-viral gene vectors are promising candidates as gene carriers, they have several issues such as toxicity and low transfection efficiency. We have hypothesized that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects gene expression in polyplex supported gene delivery systems. The effect of ROS on the gene e...

Abstract Sonodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) based that combines sonosensitizer and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by acoustic cavitation. In this paper, we experimentally examined the effectiveness of proposed method scanning focus in direction HIFU propagation for continuously generating cavitation clouds to expand region ROS...

BACKGROUND Cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Low frequency pulse magnetic fields (LFMFs) have been reported to decrease ROS generation in endothelial cells. Whether LFMFs could assert protective effects on myocardial from I/R injury via ROS regulation remains unclear. METHODS To simulate in vivo cardiac I/R injury, ne...

The nematode exoskeleton, commonly called the cuticle, is a highly structured extracellular matrix mainly composed of collagen. Secreted collagen molecules from the underlying epidermal cells are cross-linked via their tyrosyl residues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for the cross-linking reaction to produce tyrosyl radicals. The conserved ROS generator enzyme in C. elegans, BLI-3/C...

Although initially effective against metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), irinotecan-based chemotherapy leads to resistance and adverse toxicity. Curcumin is well known for its anti-cancer effects in many cancers, including CRC. Here, we describe reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as important mechanisms by which curcumin enhances irinotecan's effects ...