Dielectric reflectors that are periodic in one or two dimensions, also known as 1D and 2D photonic crystals, have been widely studied for many potential applications due to the presence of wavelength-tunable photonic bandgaps. However, the unique optical behavior of photonic crystals is based on theoretical models of perfect analogues. Little is known about the practical effects of dielectric i...

Formation of hydraulic jump is necessary for dissipation of the excess kinetic energy downstream of spillways and gates. Hydraulic jump stilling basins of sudden expansion are one of the energy dissipater structures which are used where the available tail water depth is less than the required sequent depths. In the present study to further reduce the hydraulic jump sequent depths ratio, a rough...

This article describes recent developments in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) research. It begins with the early history of SERS as the first SERS spectrum was obtained from an electrochemical system of pyridine molecule adsorbed on roughened silver electrode, which led to the discovery of the SERS effect in the mid-1970s. The article also illustrates the various aspects o...