The effect of structured roughness on the heat transfer of water flowing through minichannels was experimentally investigated in this study. The test channels were formed by two 12.7 mm wide 94.6 mm long stainless steel strips. Eight structured roughness elements were generated using a wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) process as lateral grooves of sinusoidal profile on the channel wall...

Human subjects can tactually estimate the magnitude of surface roughness. Although many psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments have elucidated the peripheral neural mechanisms that underlie tactile roughness estimation, the associated cortical mechanisms are not well understood. To identify the brain regions responsible for the tactile estimation of surface roughness, we used functio...

Natural disasters like floods are a worldwide phenomenon and a serious threat to mankind. Flood simulations are applications of disaster control, which are used for the development of appropriate flood protection. Adequate simulations require not only the geometry but also the roughness of the Earth’s surface, as well as the roughness of the objects hereon. Usually, the floodplain roughness is ...

Articular cartilage is the bearing surface of synovial joints and plays a crucial role in the tribology to enable low friction joint movement. A detailed understanding of the surface roughness of articular cartilage is important to understand how natural joints behave and the parameters required for future joint replacement materials. Bovine articular cartilage on bone samples was prepared and ...

A number of studies aimed to distinguish the structural patterns at the interfaces of obligate and non-obligate protein-protein complexes. These studies revealed better geometric complementarity of protomers in obligate complexes over non-obligates. We showed that protein surface roughness can be used to explain this observation. Using smoothened atomic fractal dimension (SAFD) as a descriptor,...

In this Paper the potential of multi-temporal PolSARdata for soil surface roughness estimation is investigated. The study utilizes microwave backscatter collected from the Demmin test-site in the North-East Germany during the whole agri-phenological cycle in 2006 using quad-pol L-Band SLC E-SAR data. For ground truthing soil surface roughness were measured using photogrammetric imaging techniqu...

The ability to measure terrain roughness is essential for safe and e cient navigation of outdoor mobile robots. This paper describes a prototype system consisting of a colour camera and a laser stripe generator for the measurement of ground surface roughness. With outdoor mobile robotic applications in mind, the system provides a cheap, fast and robust alternative to other methods of roughness ...

The properties of the double layer capacity on rough electrodes are discussed in terms of the recently developed linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory [L. I. Daikhin, A. A. Kornyshev, M. Urbakh, Phys. Rev. E 53, 6192 (1996)]. This theory offers a concept of a “Debye-length K dependent roughness factor”, ie roughness function, which determines the deviation of capacitance from the Gouy-Chapman result ...

Our tactual perception of roughness is independent of the manner in which we touch the surface. A brick surface feels rough no matter how slowly or how rapidly we move our fingers, despite the fluctuating sensory inputs that are transmitted to the finger. Current theories of roughness perception rely solely on inputs from the cutaneous afferents, which are highly affected by scan velocity and f...

For decades, the dominant theory of roughness coding in the somatosensory nerves posited that perceived roughness was determined by the spatial pattern of activation in one population of tactile nerve fibers, namely slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) afferents. Indeed, the perceived roughness of coarsely textured surfaces tracks the spatial variation in SA1 responses - the degree to which response st...