this study examined suitable mechanized methods to seed rice in dry-bed conditions using dried seeds and determined the most suitable varieties for each method. the experimental design was strip-plots in a randomized complete block design with two factors (seeding methods and rice varieties) and three replications. the testing took place during 2003-2004 at the shavour agricultural research sta...

otal hydraulic resistance on an upland agricultural site may be influenced by several factors including standing vegetation. In this laboratory study, Darcy-Weisbach roughness coeflcients were measured for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower, and wheat vegetation. Experimental variables used in this investigation in addition to crop type included plant population, row spacing, row orient...

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L. ), a warm-season annual plant, has shown potential as an alternate source of fiber in the United States. Although preliminary research has indicated feasibility ofkenaf production in Virginia, production details are lacking. Field experiments were conducted during 1995 and 1996 to determine optimal row spacing and fertilizer needs, and to compare available kenaf cu...

Considerable effort is expended to conserve energy and water in current greenhouse systems, and look for alternative energy sources, especially passive heating and cooling strategies. Proper environmental management systems can significantly change the energy and moisture dynamics of greenhouse production systems. In this study, specifically, influences of dynamic row spacing on energy and wate...

Quenching cooling rate of rotary hollow cylinder by one row of water impinging jets has been experimentally studied. Water jets (d = 8 mm) with sub-cooling 55 to 85 ◦C and Reynolds number 8,006 to 36,738 impinged over rotary hot hollow cylinder (rotation speed 10 to 70 rpm) with initial temperature 250 to 600 ◦C. Impingement impact angle of row of jets varied between 0 to 135 ◦ and jet-to-jet s...

The present paper reports measurements carried out in a centrifugal compressor equipped with double row of low solidity partial vane diffuser. Performance of the compressor is measured with three sets of double row diffusers with different radial spacing between the diffusers. From these measurements best configurations are identified and static pressures on the diffuser walls and probe measure...

The results of experimental studies free-convective heat transfer single-, double- and four-row bundles finned tubes without with an exhaust shaft are presented. It is shown that the inter-tube spacing significantly affects energy efficiency bundle. optimum 61 mm for single-row, about 70 double-row, over bundles. With increase number rows in bundle specific capacity increases, but rate its decr...

The effects of periodicity perturbations in underwater phononic crystal layers composed of noninterpenetrating rows of identical shells are investigated. The results for one row are obtained by using a multiple scattering method between shells. Then, taking into account the multiple reflections and transmissions between two adjacent rows, a Debye series method is used to calculate the reflectio...