We provide rules for calculating with invariants in process algebra with data, and illustrate these with examples. The new rules turn out to be equivalent to the well known Recursive Specification Principle which states that guarded recursive equations have at most one solution. In the setting with data this is reformulated as `every convergent linear process operator has at most one fixed poin...

A spectrum of reproductive system anomalies (cryptorchidism, hypospadias, dysgenesis of Wolffian duct-derived tissues and prostate, and reduced sperm production) in male rats exposed in utero to phthalate esters (PEs) are thought to be caused by PE inhibition of fetal testosterone production. Recently, dibutyl and dipentyl phthalate (DBuP, DPnP) were shown to disrupt the retinol signaling pathw...

OBJECTIVE To compare the cost-effectiveness of alternate treatment strategies using second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We developed a Markov model to estimate the costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for different sequences of treatments for 40-year-old patients with schizophrenia. We considered first-line treatment with one of the four S...

The Rectangular Transform (RT) method for computing convolutions belongs to a family of Reduced Computational Complexity (RCC) algorithms. Convolution calculations by the RT method were programmed for the Research Signal Processor (RSP) and run on the RSP simulator, giving tabulations of numbers of RSP machine cycles. One of the original objectives was to see how well the original RSP architect...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the correlation between the implementation of tobacco control policies and tobacco consumption, particularly rolling tobacco, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) users and the intent to quit smoking in 27 countries of the European Union. DESIGN Ecological study with the country as the unit of analysis. DATA SOURCES We used the data from tobacco control activities, meas...

In this work, important aspects of bacteriocin producing bacteria and their interplay are elucidated. Various attempts to model the resistant, producer and sensitive Escherichia coli strains in the so-called rock-scissors-paper (RSP) game had been made in the literature. The question arose whether there is a continuous model with a cyclic structure and admitting an oscillatory dynamics as obser...

In this study, secondary sludge (SS) from a kraft paper mill was used as a source of biomass to recover protein and investigate its potential use as a wood adhesive. The process of protein recovery involved disruption of the floc structure in alkaline medium to disintegrate and release intercellular contents into the aqueous phase followed by separation of soluble protein. Finally, the soluble ...

Targeted disruption of the surfactant protein (SP) D (SP-D) gene caused a marked pulmonary lipoidosis characterized by increased alveolar lung phospholipids, demonstrating a previously unexpected role for SP-D in surfactant homeostasis. In the present study, we tested whether the local production of SP-D in the lung influenced surfactant content in SP-D-deficient [SP-D(-/-)] and SP-D wild-type ...

The lung collectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important component of the innate immune response but is also believed to play a role in other regulatory aspects of immune and inflammatory responses within the lung. The role of SP-D in the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is not well defined. SP-D levels progressively increased up to 48 hour...

The static random-access memory (SRAM) cells used in the high radiation environment of aerospace have become highly vulnerable to single-event effects (SEE). Therefore, a 12T SRAM-hardened circuit (RHB-12T cell) for soft error recovery is proposed using hardening design (RHBD) concept. To verify performance RHB-12T, cell simulated by 28 nm CMOS process and compared with other hardened (Quatro-1...