This article argues that the effect of economic crises on democratic transition is contingent on economic structure. Specifically, a high level of state engagement in the economy makes social forces dependent on the ruling elites for patrimonial interests and, therefore, the authoritarian regime liable for economic failure. Moreover, when authoritarian elites own a high share of economic assets...

Arnold Wesker’s The Kitchen (1957) presents the world of labour where two social classes, capitalist class and working class, with hierarchies between each other among themselves, clash, which ends exploitation proletariat by bourgeoisie. harsh conditions at restaurant, changing pace work, little time given employer to employees rest socialise, dehumanising aspect are presented through relation...

155 Yet for over two centuries, from about 1637 to 1867, nearly the entire period in which feudal Japan was ruled from Edo (Tokyo) by the Tokugawa shoguns, the feudal lords (daimyo) and warrior class (bushi) ignored or disparaged the gun (matchlock) as a combat weapon. In Japan the sword was preeminent from the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637 to the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877-twenty-five years after...

political attitudes of bureaucrats and their impact on performance have been one of the most important debates in public administration that have been studied in dichotomy of politics-administration. in this article, we examine the effect of political attitudes of bureaucrats on their organizational citizenship behavior (ocb). the results show that political attitudes have a significant correla...

One of the main objectives of a Machine Learning – ML – system is to induce a classifier that minimizes classification errors. Two relevant topics in ML are the understanding of which domain characteristics and inducer limitations might cause an increase in misclassification. In this sense, this work analyzes two important issues that might influence the performance of ML systems: class imbalan...

althusser (1918-1990) argues that there are two ways to maintain power. in order to hold power, the ruling class in a pre-capitalist society depends on repressive apparatuses such as police and military force whereas in a modern capitalist society it chooses to use ideological apparatuses like religion, education or arts. bamdede khomar is the story of eighty years of development in iranian soc...