to estimate the prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) in dairy cows, a total of 196 ruminalfluid samples were drawn by rumenocentesis from 10 dairy herds of khorasan razavi province, northeast ofiran. two groups of 12 cows, early lactation and mid-lactation cows were sampled in each dairy herd andruminal ph was determined immediately using a portable ph-meter. a total of 54 cows (27.6%...

During lactation, highly specialized secretory mammary epithelial cells (MECs) produce and secrete huge quantities of nutrients and nonnutritive factors into breast milk. The zinc (Zn) transporter ZnT4 (SLC30A4) transports Zn into the trans-Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis, and across the apical cell membrane for efflux from MECs into milk. This is consistent with observations in "lethal m...

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Dairy cows convert between 24 to 32% of dietary nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) into milk protein, the rest N<sub>2</sub> is excreted in urine and feces which contributes environmental pollution. Besides excretions, crude protein (CP) represents up 69% diet´s total cost. Therefore, best way reduce pollution increase dairy profit...

Vitamins A and E, and the trace elements selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential for the health and performance of dairy cows. Their concentrations often decrease around calving and extra supplementation is sometimes recommended at that time. However, the need for this varies, for example depending on quantity and quality of feedstuffs in the diet. The aim of this study was to measure the con...

Bovine lactoferrin (LF) has been shown to prevent adhesion to and invasion of mammalian cell lines by pathogenic bacteria, with evidence for direct bacterial binding by the milk glycoprotein. However, the glycosylation pattern of LF changes over the lactation cycle. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect that this variation has on the milk glycoprotein's ability to interact with pathog...

Weekly total body energy content (TBEC) was calculated for 444 Holstein cows in their first 3 lactations. These calculations were based on body lipid and protein changes predicted from weekly changes in body condition score and live weight of each cow. In first lactation, cows lost TBEC during the initial 8 wk, regained it by wk 22, and continued to build up their reserves until wk 37. Cows sta...

OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to estimate the lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake measured through the administration of a short FFQ. DESIGN A cross-sectional study in which an FFQ was administered twice: on day 3 (T0) and day 30 (T1) postpartum; meanwhile two breast milk samples were collected. Maternal plasma samples ...

the objective of this study was to estimates the genetic and environmental components for the lactation curve parameters, milk yield, age at first calving (afc), calving interval (ci) and somatic cell count (scc) in iranian holstein cows. the dataset consisted of 210625 test day records from 25883 cows with milk yield in the first parity recorded from july 2002 to september 2007 in a total of 9...

Sixteen Friesian cows were used in Expt 1 to measure the effect of substituting urea-N with fishmeal-N either in early lactation (Part 1) or in mid-lactation (Part 2). In Part 1 (days 15-84 of lactation) the major N constituent of the concentrate was urea (U), urea-N: fishmeal-N in the ratio 2:1 (UF) or 1:2 (FU), or fishmeal (F). In Part 2 (days 84-175 of lactation) only urea (UM) and fishmeal ...

In a recent study, we observed that starch-rich diets used in mid lactation induced lower milk production persistency and higher body fat accumulation dairy ewes compared with goats. Because these species differences could be linked to hormonal mechanisms drive energy partitioning, the same experiment, explored evolution of metabolic status during test this hypothesis. Twenty mature Sarda 20 Sa...