axial flux permanent magnet (afpm) machines are attractive candidates for electric vehicles (evs) applications due to their axial compact structure, high efficiency, high power and torque density. this paper presents general design characteristics of afpm machines. moreover, torque density of the machine which is selected as main objective function, is enhanced by using genetic algorithm (ga) a...

A strong¨ν − ˙ ν correlation in radio pulsars with implications for torque variations ABSTRACT We present an analysis of the spin-down parameters for 131 radio pulsars for which¨ν has been well determined. These pulsars have characteristic ages ranging from 10 3 −10 8 yr and spin periods in the range 0.4–30 s; nearly equal numbers of pulsars havë ν > 0 as¨ν < 0. We find a strong correlation of¨...

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries most frequently occur under the large loads associated with a unipedal jump landing involving a cutting or pivoting maneuver. We tested the hypotheses that internal tibial torque would increase the anteromedial (AM) bundle ACL relative strain and strain rate more than would the corresponding external tibial torque under the large impulsive loads associa...

Whether the transition in fatigue processes between "low-intensity" and "high-intensity" contractions occurs gradually, as the torque requirements are increased, or whether this transition occurs more suddenly at some identifiable "threshold", is not known. We hypothesized that the critical torque (CT; the asymptote of the torque-duration relationship) would demarcate distinct profiles of centr...

Postactivation potentiation (PAP), a mechanism by which the torque of a muscle twitch is increased following a conditioning contraction, is well documented in muscular physiology, but little is known about its effect on the maximal rate of torque development and functional significance during voluntary movements. The objective of this study was to investigate the PAP effect on the rate of isome...

The performances of two topologies of low-speed double-fed brushless machine (DFBM) with fractional slot windings are quantitatively compared and analyzed using two-dimensional (2-D) finite element method (FEM). To fairly compare the torque capability and power efficiency of different DFBMs, the investigated DFBMs have the same outer diameter, the same axial stack length and the same iron core ...

CONTEXT Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee condition in athletes. Recently, researchers have indicated that factors proximal to the knee, including hip muscle weakness and motor control impairment, contribute to the development of PFPS. However, no investigators have evaluated eccentric hip muscle function in people with PFPS. OBJECTIVE To compare the eccentric hip muscle fu...

The e ect of changing the input goal coordinates to a real vehicle s position control system is examined here Such inputs provide motoring speed torque sig nals based upon local sensor information and the po sition of the global target with little regard for the vehicle dynamics In this article mobile robot path planning parameters are related to the application of correct general control laws ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of constant versus alternating applications of torque during fatiguing, intermittent isometric muscle actions of the leg extensors on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque and neuromuscular responses. METHODS Sixteen subjects performed two protocols, each consisting of 50 intermittent isometric muscle actions of the leg extensors with equal a...

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) generates contractions by activation of motor axons (peripheral mechanism), but the afferent volley also contributes by recruiting spinal motoneurons synaptically (central mechanism), which recruits motoneurons according to Henneman's size principle. Thus, we hypothesized that contractions that develop due to a combination of peripheral and central me...