In monkeys, saccades that repeatedly overshoot their targets adapt to become smaller by the time the monkey has made 1,000-2,000 saccades. In life, adaptation must keep movements accurate for long periods of time. Previous work describes only saccade adaptation that occurs within a few hours. Here we describe long-term saccade adaptation elicited in three monkeys by 19 days of training. Each da...

Neurons in the macaque supplementary eye field (SEF) fire at different rates in conjunction with planning saccades in different directions. They also exhibit object-centered spatial selectivity, firing at different rates when the target of the saccade is at the left or right end of a horizontal bar. To compare the rate of incidence of the two kinds of signal, and to determine how they combine, ...

26 27 Express saccadic eye movements are saccades of extremely short-latency. In monkey, 28 express saccades have been shown to occur much more frequently when the monkey has been 29 trained to make saccades in a particular direction to targets that appear in predictable locations. 30 Such results suggest that express saccades occur in large number only under highly specific 31 conditions, lead...

When saccades consistently overshoot their targets, saccade amplitudes gradually decrease, thereby maintaining accuracy. This adaptive process has been seen as a form of motor learning that copes with changes in physical parameters of the eye and its muscles, brought about by aging or pathology. One would not expect such a motor repair mechanism to be specific to the visual properties of the ta...

22 23 Whether a link exists between the two orienting processes of saccade preparation and 24 visuospatial attention has typically been studied by using either sensory cues or pre25 determined rules that instruct subjects where to allocate these limited resources. In the 26 real world, explicit instructions are not always available and presumably expectations 27 shaped by previous experience pl...

In this study, we investigated the time course of oculomotor competition between bottom-up and top-down selection processes using saccade trajectory deviations as a dependent measure. We used a paradigm in which we manipulated saccade latency by offsetting the fixation point at different time points relative to target onset. In experiment 1, observers made a saccade to a filled colored circle w...

BACKGROUND In Alzheimer disease (AD), tests of "first-order capabilities," such as reaction time or motor ability, might measure central nervous system integrity or disability more reliably than those of abstract, conceptual, or cognitive behavior. Saccade system impairments are present in AD, but their sensitivity or specificity remains unevaluated. OBJECTIVES To determine sensitivity and sp...

A remembered saccade target could be encoded in egocentric coordinates such as gaze-centered, or relative to some external allocentric landmark that is independent of the target or gaze (landmark-centered). In comparison to egocentric mechanisms, very little is known about such a landmark-centered representation. Here, we used an event-related fMRI design to identify brain areas supporting thes...

Flashes presented around the time of a saccade are often mislocalized. Such mislocalization is influenced by various factors. Here, we evaluate the role of the saccade target as a landmark when localizing flashes. The experiment was performed in a normally illuminated room to provide ample other visual references. Subjects were instructed to follow a randomly jumping target with their eyes. We ...

PURPOSE To investigate the capacity for rapid saccade adaptation in Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS), a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, in which it has been observed that saccadic accuracy is severely reduced. METHODS Saccade amplitude modification was elicited by backward steps (30% of target eccentricity) during the primary saccade in a classic saccade-adaptation paradigm. RESULTS Pati...