Introduction: Single bony landmark may not help to detect the hiatus properly for caudal epidural block (CEB). The aim of the study was to measure the different aspects of the sacral hiatus and to identify significant anatomical landmarks to locate it. Methods: Different morphometric measurements were taken of one hundred sacra with a Vernier caliper. These measurements may provide a guideline ...

STUDY DESIGN Literature review. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to describe the injuries associated with sacral fractures and to analyze their impact on patient outcome. METHODS A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed to identify the injuries associated with sacral fractures. RESULTS Sacral fractures are uncommon injuries that result from high-energy trauma, a...

correlation between sacral ratio and bowel function as well as fecal continence has been well documented in patients with anorectal malformations (arms). one hundred and twenty children with arms were investigated in this study. sacral ratio (sr) was measured from pelvic x-rays of patients. among these, 52 patients (43%) had no pelvic x-ray and were excluded from this study. sr was measured by ...

Sacral hiatus is caudal opening of sacral canal. Caudal epidural anaesthesia for various therapeutic and diagnostic procedures is administered through sacral hiatus. 25% failure rate of caudal epidural block has been reported in literature. The failure rate of this procedure may be due to variant anatomical features of sacral hiatus. Hence knowing the anatomical variations in shape, size, level...

OBJECTIVE Ependymomas are usually intramedullary tumors. Extradural presentation with invasion of surrounding tissues is extremely rare. We present a case of a sacral ependymoma with extensive local invasion and bony destruction. CASE DESCRIPTION A 53 year old woman with lumbosacral pain, perineal paresthesias and sphincter dysfunction. MRI and CT demonstrated a giant expansive lesion from S2...

Tumors of the sacrum and related neurological and pelvic structures are rare pathologic conditions. Sacral tumors are a diagnostic challenge because patients often present with nonspecific complaints such as low back pain, sacrococcygeal joint pain, referred lag and buttock pain. Because of diagnostic and radiographic challenges, the detection of sacral mass can be delayed which complicates any...

Tumor-, red marrow-, and organ-absorbed doses were calculated for patients receiving "'I-labeled monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen for either diagnosis or therapy. Ten patients with con firmed liver tumors who received doses ranging from 10.79 to 200 mCi were evaluated. Urine and blood samples were taken in order to determine total body and red marrow activity, respectively...

Tumor-, red marrow-, and organ-absorbed doses were calculated for patients receiving 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen for either diagnosis or therapy. Ten patients with confirmed liver tumors who received doses ranging from 10.79 to 200 mCi were evaluated. Urine and blood samples were taken in order to determine total body and red marrow activity, respectively...

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that are mostly found in the head and neck. Even less common are gangliocytic variant paragangliomas of the spine for which there are only 7 other documented cases in the literature. We report a case of gangliocytic paraganglioma of the sacral spine in a 68-year-old man. The growth pattern is documented over three years, which to our knowledge has n...

Influences of sacral anomalies on the postoperative continence of imperforate anus were evaluated clinically and experimentally. Postoperative continence was clinically assessed by the quantitative scoring system for 77 patients (44 of high-type anomalies and 33 of low-type anomalies). Incidence of combined sacral anomalies was 28.6% (38.6% in high type anomalies and 15.2% in low type anomalies...