Predictive models for the exponential growth rate (EGR) and germination, outgrowth, and lag times (GOL) of Bacillus stearothermophilus previously developed in our laboratory were expanded to include higher salt (1.5%) formulations. The expanded models were validated in 7 military meals-ready-to-eat incubated at temperatures from 45 °C to 60 °C, and tryptic soy broth incubated from 37.5 °C to 70...

Real world protocols often involve human choices that depend on incentives, including when they fail and require fail-safe or fail-deadly mechanisms. We look at three example systems (the EMV protocol, consensus in cryptocurrencies, and Tor) in this context, paying particular attention to the role that incentives play in fail-safe and faildeadly situations. We argue that incentives should expli...

Safe is a first-order eager functional language with facilities for programmer-controlled destruction and copying of data structures and is intended for compile-time analysis of memory consumption. In Safe, heap memory consumption depends on the length of recursive calls chains. Ensuring termination of Safe programs (or of particular function calls) is therefore essential to implement these fea...

Safe is a first-order eager functional language with facilities for programmer-controlled destruction and copying of data structures and is intended for compile-time analysis of memory consumption. In Safe, heap and stack memory consumption depends on the length of recursive calls chains. Ensuring termination of Safe programs (or of particular function calls) is therefore essential to implement...

Safe is a first-order eager functional language with facilities for programmer-controlled destruction and copying of data structures and is intended for compile-time analysis of memory consumption. In Safe, heap and stack memory consumption depends on the length of recursive calls chains. Ensuring termination of Safe programs (or of particular function calls) is therefore essential to implement...

Type safety is an important property of any type system. Modern programming languages support different mechanisms to work in type safe manner, e.g., properties, methods, events, attributes (annotations) and other structures. Some programming languages allow access to metadata: type information, type member information and information about applied attributes. But none of the existing mainstrea...

Safe is a first-order eager functional language with facilities for programmer-controlled destruction and copying of data structures and is intended for compile-time analysis of memory consumption. In Safe, heap and stack memory consumption depends on the length of recursive calls chains. Ensuring termination of Safe programs (or of particular function calls) is therefore essential to implement...