Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae) (Mediterranean Saltbush) is a perennial, halophytic shrub that possesses the C4 photosynthetic anatomy and physiology. It grows under semi-arid and arid conditions (annual rainfall < 600 mm) from Macaronesia, through the Mediterranean basin countries and into western Asia, being particularly common on saline and degraded soils. Many studies have shed light on...

Crop yield reduction due to salinity is a growing agronomical concern in many regions. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells accompanies many abiotic stresses including salinity, acting as toxic and signaling molecules during plant stress responses. While ROS are generated in various cellular compartments, chloroplasts represent a main source in the light, and pla...

Drought, salinity and extreme temperatures are the most common abiotic stresses, adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. Exposure of plants to stress activates stress signalling pathways that induce biochemical and physiological changes essential for stress acclimation. Stress tolerance is governed by multiple traits, and importance of a few traits in imparting tolerance has been dem...

Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies greatly among tissues depending on a given plant's ontogeny and environmental fluctuations. Proper plant growth, vegetative development, and reproduction require the integration of plant hormonal activity with the...

seed germination is a crucial stage in the plant life cycle and salt tolerance during germination stage is vital for the establishment of plants in saline soils. in order to evaluation of sesame (sesamum indicum) landraces germination to salinity stress at different temperature, an experiment was conducted at ferdowsi university of mashhad, collage of agriculture during 2009. experimental type ...

Salinity tolerance in plant species varies widely due to adaptation and acclimation processes at the cellular and whole-plant scales. In mangroves, extreme substrate salinity induces hydraulic failure and ion excess toxicity and reduces growth and survival, thus suggesting a potentially critical role for physiological acclimation to salinity. We tested the hypothesis that osmotic adjustment, a ...

Despite the large interest in the use of Chenopodium quinoa as a crop on extreme habitats, very little is known about growth response and seed yield under saline conditions. As a prerequisite for its sustainable utilization in salt-affected areas, this study aimed to unravel individual physiological and morphological mechanisms that determine its salt tolerance. Hence, the plants were grown in ...

to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of l-carnitine on resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in sobaity fry, an experiment was carried out with 240 pieces of fish with average initial weight of 3.01±0.03 g for 10 weeks. experimental treatments were consisted of four levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 1800 (respectively control, lc500, lc1000 and lc1800) mg l-carnitine per kg o...

The water activity and pH ranges for growth of Glaciecola punicea (a psychrophile) were extended when this organism was grown at suboptimal rather than optimal temperatures. No such extension was observed for Gelidibacter sp. strain IC158 (a psychrotolerant bacterium) at analogous temperatures. Salinity and pH may be primary physicochemical parameters controlling bacterial community development...

Here we investigated whether there is evidence of local adaptation in strains of an ancestrally marine dinoflagellate to the lacustrine environment they now inhabit (optimal genotypes) and/or if they have evolved phenotypic plasticity (a range of phenotypes). Eleven strains of Polarella glacialis were isolated and cultured from three different environments: the polar seas, a hyposaline and a hy...