Recently, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have gathered interest for soft robotics due to their low cost, light weight, large strain, low power consumption, and high energy density. However, developing reliable, compliant electrodes for DEAs remains an ongoing challenge due to issues with fabrication, uniformity of the conductive layer, and mechanical stiffening of the actuators caused by...

A sharp interface numerical model is developed to simulate saltwater intrusion in multilayered coastal aquifer systems. The model takes into account the flow dynamics of salt water and fresh water assuming a sharp interface between the two liquids. In contrast to previous two-fluid flow models which were formulated using the hydraulic heads of fresh water and salt water as the dependent variabl...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) has 265 times greater greenhouse potential than carbon dioxide and its atmospheric concentration has increased by about 20% since industrialization; however, N2O production and emissions from aquatic systems are poorly constrained. To evaluate N2O fluxes associated with meteoric groundwater discharge to coastal zones, we measured N2O concentrations in May and October 2011 fr...

White-tip reef sharks are common inhabitants of the shallow waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands, where several known aggregation sites have become touristic attractions. With the aim to describe site fidelity and residency patterns of the white-tip reef sharks in a saltwater creek, we used the ultrasonic telemetry method. The study was undertaken in a saltwater channel South of Academy Bay...

Abstract The magneto-optical (transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance) characteristics of water saltwater in the presence a magnetic field (0T to 0.880T) are investigated this study. authors studies Raman spectra shift response fields. In case water, transmittance is high field, but saltwater, low at wavelength spectrum. was found be 0.7 percent higher 0.88T than absence 651nm–655.67nm. Simi...

Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers presents a significant global challenge to fresh groundwater resources. Numerical modelling represents valuable tool study this phenomenon. Darcy’s Law is widely applied studies and extended the Brinkman Equation account for kinetic dissipations due viscous shear. However, their comparative performance accuracy in density-driven flows remain unclear. To...