Foundries for the metal-casting industry plays a vital role to generate byproducts such as used foundry sand. Metal foundries use large amounts of the metal casting process. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry but by using repeated usage of Used foundry-sand vary due to the type of equipment used for foundry processing, the types of additives, the number of...

In laboratory sandpack tests for heavy oil recovery by alkaline flooding, it was found that wettability alteration of the sand had a significant impact on oil recovery. In this work, a heavy oil of 14 API was used to examine the effect of organic acids in the oil and water chemistry on wettability alteration. From interfacial tension measurements and sand surface composition analysis, it was c...

The uniaxial compression response of manufactured sand mortars proportioned using different water-cement ratio and sand-cement ratio is examined. Pore structure parameters such as porosity, threshold diameter, mean diameter, and total amounts of macropores, as well as shape and size of micropores are quantified by using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) technique. Test results indicate that s...

Conventional sand casting processes often take many weeks or months to produce the tooling required for a casting, in particular the fabrication of sand core arrays for hollow features in a casting. SLS is already being applied to produce complex sand core geometries and reduce production times, but a new development of discretely laying down two different materials and removing one after sinte...

Mymensingh is the most endemic district for kala-azar in Bangladesh. Phlebotomus argentipes remains the only known vector although a number of sand fly species are prevalent in this area. Genotyping of sand flies distributed in a VL endemic area was developed by a PCR and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of 18S rRNA gene of sand fly species. Using the RFLP-PCR analysis with AfaI ...

The Husab Sand Lizard (Pedioplanis husabensis Berger-Dell’Mour and Mayer, 1989) is a recently described lacertid lizard endemic to a small region in the central Namib Desert. Although this species is of conservation concern, very little is known about how this lizard functions in its environment. We used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field energetics in this lizard species and ...

In a small shallow fjord with predominantly wind-driven circulation, larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz) do not persist for longer than 2 wk after a local population in the fjord spawns. Changes in distnbuhon and abundance of larval cohorts indicate that larvae are advected out of the fiord and thus contribute to a regional larval pool. A series of plankton samples at...

Sand dollars of the genus Mellita are members of the sandy shallow-water fauna. The genus ranges in tropical and subtropical regions on the two coasts of the Americas. To reconstruct the phylogeography of the genus we sequenced parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and of 16S rRNA as well as part of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene from a total of 185 specimens of all ten described morphospe...

Reconciling discordant morphological and molecular phylogenies remains a problem in modern systematics. By examining conflicting DNA-hybridization and morphological phylogenies of sand dollars, I show that morphological criteria may be used to help evaluate the reliability of molecular phylogenies where they differ from morphological trees. All available criteria for assessing the reliability o...

The Chip Firing Game (CFG) is a discrete dynamical model used in physics, computer science and economics. It is known that the set of configurations reachable from an initial configuration (this set is called the configuration space) can be ordered as a lattice. We first present a structural result about this model, which allows us to introduce some useful tools for describing those lattices. T...