Front-end loaders extract sand and gravel (aggregate) from a pit and haul it to a feeder, which releases the aggregate onto a conveyor belt that is connected to a stockpile; the material is subsequently distributed to a processing plant. As mining progresses, the mining frontier moves farther away from the feeder, increasing loader cycle time. In turn, plant managers add loaders to maintain pro...

A main objective of restoration and afforestation at post-mining sites is establishing a long-term sustainable ecosystem which depends on adaptations of tree species and which in turn depends on the soil nutrient flux. The nutrient concentration (nitrogen (N), P, K, Ca, Mg, and sulfur (S)) of Scots pine needles was investigated in reclaimed mine soils (RMS) located at the following post-mining ...

Mining is the process of extracting a naturally occurring material from the earth to derive a profit. Operations research has been used in mining primarily to make decisions about when and how to perform both surface and underground extraction with respect to how to recover the material and what to do with the extracted material. Because machines are used to extract the ore, decisions about whi...

In underground mining, hydraulic backfill materials, such as waste tailings, river sand, and cement, are often used to fill underground mined stopes. In cut-and-fill mining methods with blasthole stoping and delayed backfill, after extraction of adjacent pillars that contain economic minerals, the backfill is often subject to exposure of free standing on at least one side. A key concern for min...

Mining nonmetallic sand, gravel, and river stones in a channel has previously caused damage to the itself surrounding environment. Technical studies are needed minimize mining channel. Ongkag Dumoga River is planned be location of non-metal material for gravel stone. The research method was carried out by geodesic mapping determine profile cross-section, hydrological analysis with return period...

The Densu River Basin has come under serious threat from a number of human activities such as farming, lumbering, sand winning, animal grazing, dam construction among others. These activities have significant implications on the fluvial processes of the river such as erosion, braiding and flooding. The study examined the current fluvial processes and landforms and the dynamics in the river morp...

Mining in Indonesia provides great economic benefits, but can also cause negative impacts the form of environmental damage. Attention to mining, apart from its impacts, is related public interest, namely right everyone a good and healthy environment (Article 65 paragraph 1 Environmental Protection Management Law). CV Kayon needs pay attention principle interest for surrounding community by cond...