We investigate the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Board during six periods in US economic history 1959–2008. In particular, we examine the Fed’s response to changes in three guiding variables: inflation, π, unemployment, U, and industrial production, y, during periods with low and high economic stability. We identify separate responses for the Fed’s change in interest rate depending upo...

Abstract Monetary history is a of inflation. The Statute the ECB, as copy Bundesbank Act, can be viewed an attempt to establish euro apolitical money. Experience with short shows limits this attempt. Fundamentally, state remains final authority in monetary matters. article begins very brief outline and efforts undertaken achieve stable currency. second chapter analyses ECB shield policy from po...

implementation of monetary policies and adjustments in liquidity are the most important tools of the central bank of iran used in structural reforms in the banking industry. this policy influences the efficiency of the monetary policy through its impact on bank credit channels. in this study we used dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models as one of the most innovative approaches to moneta...

jondishapour school was the first center of cultural transmission in the world among various civilizations like the greek, syriac, hindi, chinese and roman formed by permissive policies of khosro anushirvan in iran. the idea that iranian knowledge can be flourished with the help of progress made in science in different cultures was, for the first time, suggested by khosro anushirvan and his com...

Two distinctive features of Sasanian bridges are their designation as weir-bridges and function in the facilitation irrigation. This has often been used to emphasise a specific administrative centralisation. The author stresses continuity investments infrastructures, from Arsacids Islamic period via Sasanians. It is presented that members elite governing classes well private entrepreneurs provi...

In the site of Gird-i Bazar in Sulaymaniyah province, a Sasanian cemetery was found installed over, and partly damaging, older Iron Age structures. Although Zoroastrians notoriously exposed bodies then placed bones into astodans, inhumations are not uncommon such multi-cultural empire. After mentioning cemeteries same region underlining presence large Christian community Adiabene, author descri...