Kamran Bashir’s The Qur’an in South Asia addresses the question of how Sunni Muslims India dealt with their intellectual heritage and identified past tradition wake European colonialism missionary activism. He focuses mainly on Muslim scholars Sayyid Aḥmad Khān (d. 1898), Ashraf ʿAlī Thānawī 1943) Ḥamīd al-Dīn Farāhī 1930), who wrote extensively approaches to understanding after mutiny/uprising...

according to plantinga’s reformed epistemology, as perceptual beliefs, religious beliefs are properly basic, and therefore need no additional justification. but as it has been said frequently, this idea may lead to relativism. in this paper, first, we argue that not only its relativistic aspect allows for religious extremism, but also it could be used to justify that kind of extremism. then, re...