conclusions the research revealed that nonsmokers showed better mental health and dyadic adjustment than smokers, thus suggesting that smoking endangers and can impair the tranquility of families and that smoking also threatens the dyadic adjustment of couples. background the mental health and dyadic adjustment of smokers is a matter of serious concern which brings many demerits on mental healt...

Instead of considering scales to be linearly ordered structures, it is proposed that scales are better conceived of as metrics (dissimilarity matrices). Further, to be considered a scale of typological interest, there should be a significant correlation between a meaning-scale and a form-scale. This conceptualisation allows for a fruitful generalization of the concept "scale". As a hands-on exa...

There are many different types of information and ways in which this information may be categorised and represented as data. Although a number of different schemes for representing data have been proposed that utilise a variety of categories and sub-divisions (see, for example, Agresti and Finlay, 1997; Barford, 1985; Harris, 1999; Lindsey, 1995; Sarle, 1995; Verzani, 2005), in this chapter I w...