This study was conducted to test for the effect of three stinging behaviors QTLs (sting-1, sting-2 and sting-3) on the expression of guarding and stinging behavior of individual honey bees, and to determine if results of defensive behavior QTLs found in studies with Africanized honey bees could be extended to other populations of bees. Samples of guards, stingers, foragers and nurse bees were t...

The parasitoid jewel wasp uses cockroaches as live food supply for its developing larva. To this end, the adult wasp stings a cockroach and injects venom directly inside its brain, turning the prey into a submissive 'zombie'. Here, we characterize the sensory arsenal on the wasp's stinger that enables the wasp to identify the brain target inside the cockroach's head. An electron microscopy stud...

Ten wild plants (cattail broad leaf shoots, chokecherries, beaked hazelnuts, lambsquarters, plains prickly pear, prairie turnips, stinging nettles, wild plums, raspberries, and rose hips) from three Native American reservations in North Dakota were analyzed to expand composition information of traditional foraged plants. Proximates, dietary fiber (DF), vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and folat...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in tumor tissue and peripheral blood can predict the response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the heterogeneity of the sample sources makes it difficult to evaluate the detecting methodologies. The goal of this study is to compare different meth...

Stinging Nettle Cream for Osteoarthritis Keith Rayburn, MD, is a physician in the Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California. Eric Fleischbein, PharmD, is a pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy Services, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Jessica Song, PharmD, is a pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy Services, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and ...

The stinging and guarding components of the defensive behavior of European, Africanized, hybrid, and backcross honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were compared and analyzed at both colony and individual levels. Hybrid and Africanized backcross colonies stung as many times as Africanized ones. European backcross colonies stung more than European bees but not as many times as Africanized or Africanize...

INTRODUCTION People in tropical and semi-tropical areas are in danger of scorpion sting, and this can be a serious problem for them. Mortality due to scorpion sting in the tropical and semi-tropical areas of Iran is about 75%, and this makes scorpion sting in these areas a serious medical problem. Because of this problem, our aim was to assess the epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in Ba...

BACKGROUND Scorpion sting is a public health problem in Khuzestan, South-West Iran. The aims of the current study were to monitor the hospitalized children, due to scorpion sting, and releasing more clinical and epidemiologic data related to scorpionism in this Province. METHODS In this retrospective study, the data of scorpion sting victims, among the hospitalized children in Abuzar Children...

Scorpion toxin enhances activation of the action potential Na+ ionophore by the alkaloid neurotoxins veratridine, batrachotoxin, and aconitine. The pure toxin can be iodinated in a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reaction. Both the monoiodoand diiodotoxin derivatives retain physiologic activity. Both monoiodoand diiodoscorpion toxin bind to a single class of saturable binding sites in electrically ex...

Predators have played a significant role in the evolution of herbivorous insects, and we can observe a wide variety of larval defense mechanisms in nature, especially among members of the Lepidoptera. Slug caterpillars (Limacodidae) are known for their unusual morphologies, including various types of protuberances and stinging spines on their dorsal surfaces, which suggest that their evolution ...