Many permanent spillway tunnels of high earth-rock dams are rebuilt from their diversion tunnels. Scour problem is focused because of their high water head and velocity. Energy Approach is a new method to Estimating Scour and is used here to estimate the depth of scour downstream of 1 spillway tunnel of Zipingpu Project. The method is illustrated working fine by comparing its results with data ...

An improved Eulerian method with a novel morphologic model is developed based on the direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach to study local scour. A movable immersed boundary proposed prescribe geometry of riverbed. Two techniques, namely Simultaneous Bed Adjustment Method (SBAM) and (Segment Plane Method) SPM, are complex time changing The SBAM technique considers sand sliding in SPM an alg...

Pile scour may cause instability to the structures they support. Ensuring a safe and economically sound design is essential for the wider community. Although much laboratory research has been carried out on scour at pile groups, there are still significant gaps in prediction formulae. This study has been conducted to develop a formula for scour at pile arrangements of non-uniform spacing. The s...

Local scour is a common threat to structures such as bridge piers, abutments, and dikes that are constructed on natural rivers. To reduce the risk of foundation failure, understanding local phenomenon around hydraulic important. The well-predicted depth can be used reference for structural design river management. Numerical simulation relatively efficient at studying these issues. Currently, tw...

Scour downstream (DS) of hydraulic structures (HS) may endanger the safety of the structures if the necessary precuations are not considered during the design stage. Normally, different measures produce different effects on reducing the maximum scour depth DS of HS. One of the important HSs is the abruptly enlarged (or sudden expanding) stilling basins. In this paper, the effects of different a...

An improved neuro-fuzzy based group method of data handling using the particle swarm optimization (NF-GMDH-PSO) is developed as an adaptive learning network to predict the localized scour downstream of a sluice gate with an apron. The input characteristic parameters affecting the scour depth are the sediment size and its gradation, apron length, sluice gate opening, and the flow conditions upst...