The Arctic sea ice retreat has accelerated over the last decade. The negative trend is largest in summer, but substantial interannual variability still remains. Here we explore observed atmospheric conditions and feedback mechanisms during summer months of anomalous sea ice melt in the Arctic. Compositing months of anomalous low and high sea ice melt over 1979–2013, we find distinct patterns in...

Sea clutter refers to the radar returns from a patch of ocean surface. When a radar detects targets on or above the sea surface, it has to overcome the interference from sea echo itself. Sea clutter presents obviously non-Gaussian, non-stationary for many diverse factors, such as radar polarization mode, working frequency, antenna visual angle, sea state and wind direction, which limit the dete...

The Salton Sea of California lying below sea level in a dcscrt basin, serves as a sump for irrigation water diverted from the Colorado River. The present Sea reached its maximum size and highest surface elevation at the time of its formation in 1907. Due to evaporation at the rate of six feet per year the surface elevation fell from -195 feet to its minimum of -240 feet in 1948, the surface are...

In recent studies [1], we have already shown that it is possible to derive mesoscale sea surface current fields by tracking signatures of marine surface films in multisensor satellite data. Although the derived sea surface current fields corresponded well with those provided by numerical models, the former mainly showed largescale current properties. This is insofar remarkable, as the traced si...

This work is an examination of potential uses of multiangular remote sensing imagery for mapping and characterizing sea ice and ice sheet surfaces based on surface roughness properties. We use data from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) to demonstrate that ice sheet and sea ice surfaces have characteristic angular signatures and that these angular signatures may be used in much t...

The presence of light-absorbing aerosol particles deposited on arctic snow and sea ice influences the surface albedo, causing greater shortwave absorption, warming, and loss of snow and sea ice, lowering the albedo further. The Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) now includes the radiative effects of light-absorbing particles in snow on land and sea ice and in sea ice itself. We inve...

marine environment of the caspian sea, due to extensive human exploitation and discharge of large magnitudes of urban, industrial and agricultural waste, is under extensive pressure and human wastes threaten marine life and ecosystem of the sea. therefore, there is a substantial need for a good understanding of physical and chemical characteristics of the caspian waters. however, the data avail...

The climatic impact of increased Arctic sea ice loss has received growing attention in the last years. However, little focus has been set on the role of sea ice thickness, although it strongly determines surface heat fluxes. Here ensembles of simulations using the EC-Earth atmospheric model (Integrated Forecast System) are performed and analyzed to quantify the atmospheric impacts of Arctic sea...

The sailing tracks of single otter trawl vessels were simulated using cubic hermite spline (cHs) interpolation method based on the automatic identification system (AIS) data of 6 sampled vessels that were fishing in the Zhoushan fishing grounds after the close of the fishing season from September 2012 to January 2013.  The vessels’ status (i.e. whether the vessels were fishing or not) were dete...