We measured body temperature of Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) and Juniper Titmice (Baeolophus ridgwayi) at different times of day and under a range of ambient temperatures in order to determine the use of nocturnal hypothermia in seasonally acclimatized small passerines. Our findings show both species used nocturnal hypothermia year-round. Depth of hypothermia was inversely correlated t...

Animals are presented with continuous energy demands that vary seasonally. For example, during the winter many small mammals and birds inhibit reproduction and growth and funnel energy into thermogenesis or cellular maintenance. As energy shortages become more severe, survival may become compromised because processes such as immune function and thermogenesis are impaired. Thus, there are trade-...

Seasonally dry forests and savannas consisting of sparse tree canopies and dominated by open grassland make up about 16 million square kilometers of tropical land of which only 1 million worldwide remains as natural vegetation (Miles et al. 2006). The remaining seasonally dry regions are cultivated (Williams 2008). Natural vegetation is adapted to the extreme seasonality, characterized by deep ...

The annual occurrence of many infectious diseases remains a constant burden to public health systems. The seasonal patterns in respiratory disease incidence observed in temperate regions have been attributed to the impact of environmental conditions on pathogen survival. A model describing the transmission of an infectious disease by means of a pathogenic state capable of surviving in an enviro...

Some seasonally active carrion invertebrates leave remnants of their presence that remain long after the completion of flesh decay. Remnants may include fly puparia (pupal cases) or insect exoskeletal elements. The presence of these remnants among old, decomposed remains can therefore indicate possible months in which death occurred. A large-scale study of the patterns of neonatal piglet decomp...

Ci.—Aspen stands and riparian areiis are important to breeding birds in ihe southwestern U.S. because they provide tesources such as food atid shelter. We investigated how this importance varies throughoul the year for bolh resident and migratory birds. We sampled hitds in 96 sites, half in small isolated aspen stands and half in the ponderosa pine forest in northern Ariirona thiring tlie sumiu...