The present research has as its goal the development of AI tools to help flight crews cope with in-flight malfunctions. The relevant tasks in such situations include diagnosis, prognosis and recovery plan generation. Investigation of the information requirements of these tasks has shown that the determination of paths figures largely: what components or systems are connected to what others, how...

In 1974, Heinz von Foerster articulated the distinction between a firstand second-order cybernetics, as, respectively, the cybernetics of observed systems and the cybernetics of observing systems. Von Foerster’s distinction, together with his own work on the epistemology of the observer, has been enormously influential on the work of a later generation of cyberneticians. It has provided an arch...

Foundations of mathematics is the study of the most basic concepts and logical structure of mathematics, with an eye to the unity of human knowledge. Almost all of the problems studied in this book are motivated by an overriding foundational question: What are the appropriate axioms for mathematics? Through a series of case studies, these axioms are examined to prove particular theorems in core...

.................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ v L...

sorption reactions in many heterogeneous systems are important. adsorption is a time dependent process and knowing the adsorption rate is essential for designing, evaluating and recovering the adsorbents. at the present study, an ammonium adsorption kinetic experiment by some soils series of golestan provice, which is varying in mineralogical and textural properties was conducted using solution...

This paper introduces the other papers in this issue, describing and arguing for the context in which they were written – a conference that was, unusually, based in conversation rather than reporting through the presentation of papers: and a refereeing process that continued after the initial presentation (at the conference) of the work reported, thus allowing responses to critical comments. Ma...