Realistic dynamical theories of measurement based on the diffusion of quantum states are nonunitary, whereas quantum field theory and its generalizations are unitary. This problem in the quantum field theory of quantum state diffusion (QSD) appears already in the Lagrangian formulation of QSD as a classical equation of motion, where Liouville’s theorem does not apply to the usual field theory f...

This paper proposes new method for designing scalar quantizers. The proposed method, denoted as hybrid method, combines two quantization techniques, the companding technique and the Lloyd-Max's algorithm. In this paper an exact and complete analysis of the hybrid quantization method considering the Laplacian input signals is carried out. Furthermore, two approaches to the problem of finding the...

In this paper, a novel Gray Scale image compression method (BTC algorithm using Pattern fitting) based on block truncation coding (BTC) and Vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. This method inherits the advantages of both BTC and vector quantization. The BTC-PF method has some controlling parameters through which we can control the bit-rate and quality. The BTC-PF method is also successfully em...

Quantization is, most broadly, the process of forming a quantum mechanical system starting from a classical mechanical one. See (Be) for an early attempt to obtain a general definition of quantization. (AbM) also provides an introductory account of the subject. There are various methods of quantization; see (BW) for a general introduction to the geometry of quantization, and a specific geometri...