objective: in recent years, antiviral drugs have been used widely in the glob to prevent and treat viral diseases. they injected into eggs to eliminate pathogens and prevent of egg transmission of disease, but the adverse effects of drugs have always been a major concern. there is little information available about the safety of antiviral drugs in the embryonated eggs of birds. the objective of...

background: breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. screening can reduce the rate of cancer and mortality. the aim of this study is description of screening programs about breast masses with clinical and para clinical examination. methods: this is a descriptive study on 952 women who had volunteered or were referred to tabriz behbood hospital during one-year period. data was collected...

background many studies have reported an association between periodontal infections and some systemic diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. some studies found a direct association between chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori (hp) infection and poor periodontal health. methods in a cross-sectional study from november 2014 to december 2015 in kerman, the largest pro...

spermatic cord liposarcomas are very rare tumors. patients usually present with painless growing scrotal swellings which are clinically misdiagnosed as hernia. the correct diagnosis is not common and usually they present as operative or histological surprises. to our knowledge, there are about 186 similar cases reported in the literature. herein we report three cases of spermatic cord liposarco...

background:cystitis and pyelonephnitis in ruminants mostoften result from ascending urinary tract infection (uti).objectives: investigating the prevalence of urine infection andits relationship with histopathological findings of bladder andkidney. methods: this study was carried out on 353 slaughteredbuffalos (143 female and 210 male) at ahvaz abattoir, southwest ofiran. after slaughter, urinar...

1. We investigated the relationships of seed size, dispersal mode and other species characteristics to interspecific variation in mean primary seed dispersal distances, mean annual seed production per unit basal area, and clumping of seed deposition among 41 tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. 2. A hierarchical Bayesian model incorporating interannual variation in seed produ...

Many studies have focused on the ecology of seed dimorphism, the production of two seed types by a single plant. Morphology and seed size are usually correlated, but how morphology affects germination percentage and seedling growth is poorly understood. Here we explicitly separate these effects for nine populations of the dimorphic species Tragopogon pratensis subsp. pratensis. Larger seeds yie...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seed survival in the soil contributes to population persistence and community diversity, creating a need for reliable measures of soil seed bank persistence. Several methods estimate soil seed bank persistence, most of which count seedlings emerging from soil samples. Seasonality, depth distribution and presence (or absence) in vegetation are then used to classify a species'...