Episiotomy is used almost routinely in vaginal deliveries in Sri Lanka and the norm is for it to be performed without anaesthesia. This is due to the popular belief that episiotomy could be performed painlessly without anaesthesia if it is performed at the peak of a contraction when the perineum is at full stretch. This practice is also convenient, since nurses and midwives involved in normal d...

A 28-year-old primigravida undergoes a forceps delivery with a midline episiotomy for failure to progress in the second stage of labor. At birth, the infant weighs 4 kg (8.8 lb), and the episiotomy extends to the anal verge. The resident who delivered the child is uncertain whether the anal sphincter is involved in the injury and asks a consultant to examine the perineum. What should this exami...

BACKGROUND In several non-randomised trials training with EPI-NO increased the rate of intact perineum and decreased episiotomy rates, shortened the second stage of labour and lowered use of pain killers. AIMS To verify the preliminary results with EPI-NO in a prospective randomised trial. METHODS Randomised, single-blind multicentre trial in four university hospitals in Germany including 2...

Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed operative procedures and yet little information is available on the subjective reactions in the puerperium to this procedure. The present study was designed to furnish information on the attitudes of patients, levels of pain, and of course recovery by studying a consecutive series of 101 Caucasian primiparea who received episiotomies at delivery....

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal Perineal Massage and Kegel exercise on the episiotomy rate. Subjects and Methods: Randomize controlled trial was carried out at Antenatal Outpatient Clinic and Labour and Delivery Ward at El Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. This study comprised a random study sample of180 pregnant mothers out of randomized 225was recruited for this stu...

BACKGROUND One of the most important problems after episiotomy is perineal pain which is more severe on the first day of postpartum period. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of indomethacin suppository and lidocaine cream in the management of post-episiotomy pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized, controlled trial, 60 primiparous women who had mediolateral episio...

Women who had participated in a randomised controlled trial of policies of restricted (10%) versus liberal (51%) episiotomy during spontaneous vaginal delivery were recontacted by postal questionnaire three years after delivery. Altogether 674 out of 1000 responded, and there was no evidence of a differential response rate between the two trial groups. Similar numbers of women in the two groups...

Aim: The aim of the study was to find a relationship between episiotomy and prevalence of urinary incontinence in women. The obtained results were compared with those in women who suffered 1stor 2nd-degree perineal tears during childbirth and those with an intact perineum. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: The sample was made up of 211 women, who were 2-5 years after a spontaneous term ch...

Methods This is a prospective, double blind study. Fifty female patients, 20 to 50 (mean 35) years old, were evaluated in two study groups: group1 – 30 patients with vaginal delivery and episiotomy and group2 – 20 patients with caesarean operation and without episiotomy (control for episiotomy). The patient selection was done clinically. Pelvic magnetic resonance (1.5T) examinations with turbo ...