Drug selectivity is arguably a critical concern for drug development. Recently, experimental evidence suggests that drugs have more selectivity than that afforded by differential affinity for different receptor subtypes. Drugs, acting at a single receptor, can selectively and differentially activate each of the multiple signaling pathways coupled to a receptor. This type of selectivity has been...

in this study gill-net selectivity for alburnus chalcoides inhabiting the almus dam lake was estimated. experimental gill-net fishing was conducted using gill-net with 15 mm and 20 mm mesh-size, during october 2002 and september 2003. a total of 254 and 198 specimens of a. chalcoides were caught by gill-net with 15 mm and 198 with the 20 mm mesh-size, respectively. the total length of the fish ...

the influence of mo particle size on the catalytic activity and product selectivity of alkalized mos2 nanocatalysts has been investigated. nanocatalysts are prepared using a microemulsion technique with water-to-surfactant ratios of 1-12. three different techniques, including xrd, tem, and hydrogen chemisorption were used to determine the molybdenum average particle size and their activity and ...

A model of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium channel is used to study the energetics of binding selectivity of Ca(2+) versus monovalent cations. RyR is a calcium-selective channel with a DDDD locus in the selectivity filter, similar to the EEEE locus of the L-type calcium channel. While the affinity of RyR for Ca(2+) is in the millimolar range (as opposed to the micromolar range of the L-typ...

Sensory experience plays a critical role in the development of cortical circuits. At the time of eye opening, visual cortical neurons in the ferret exhibit orientation selectivity, but lack direction selectivity, which is a feature of mature cortical neurons in this species. Direction selectivity emerges in the days and weeks following eye opening via a process that requires visual experience. ...

This study focused on mechanisms underlying azimuth selectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of pallid bats. The pallid bat listens to prey-generated noise (5-35 kHz) to localize and hunt terrestrial prey. The region of A1 tuned between 5 and 35 kHz consists of two clusters of neurons distinguished by interaural intensity difference (IID) selectivity: binaurally inhibited (EI) and peaked...

Although it is known that neural selectivity for species-specific vocalizations changes during development, the mechanisms underlying such changes are not known. This study followed the development of mechanisms underlying selectivity for the direction and rate of frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps in the auditory cortex of the pallid bat, a species that uses downward FM sweeps to echolocate. In t...

Orientation selectivity is a property of mammalian primary visual cortex (V1) neurons, yet its emergence along the visual pathway varies across species. In carnivores and primates, elongated receptive fields first appear in V1, while in lagomorphs such receptive fields emerge earlier, in the retina. Here we examine the mouse visual pathway and reveal the existence of orientation selectivity in ...