Nicotine, the neuroactive compound responsible for tobacco addiction, is primarily believed to have beneficial effects on the adult brain. However, in heavy smokers, abstinence from nicotine is accompanied by cognitive impairments that suggest adverse effects of nicotine on brain plasticity. For this reason, we studied changes in plasticity-related processes in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hip...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Nucleus accumbens 4. Stimulant actions 4.1. Cocaine and amphetamine 4.2. In vitro brain slice voltammetry 4.3. Microdialysis 4.4. Differences in dopamine signaling within the nucleus accumbens 4.5. Time of onset of cocaine and other dopamine transporter inhibitors 5. Neurochemical consequences of cocaine and amphetamine self-administration 5.1. Reduced responsivit...

In examining assessment methods used for evaluating training, there have so far been no studies reporting any differences between the visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluation method, based on a rating scale, and evaluation methods based on an ordinal scale. Here we report the findings of an examination into differences and discrepancies between the results of the VAS method and a 5-point evaluati...

People with central-field loss must use peripheral vision for reading. Previous studies have shown that reading performance in peripheral vision can improve with extensive practice on a trigram letter-recognition task. The present study compared training on this task with training on two other character-based tasks (lexical-decision and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) reading) which mig...