Suppose we have two ideally rational, perfectly introspective, individuals, who want to pool their information. Since both individuals are perfectly introspective, they are both in a position to characterize to the other exactly what they know. Suppose, then, that each tells the other what they know and each correspondingly incorporates this information into what they know. Given that such indi...

When reasoning about self-locating belief, one should reason as if one were a randomly selected bit of information. This principle can be considered to be an application of Bostrom’s Strong Self-Sampling Assumption(SSSA)[2] according to which one should reason as if one were a randomly selected element of some suitable reference class of observer-moments. The reference class is the class of all...

In this paper, I first outline Aumann’s famous “no agreeing to disagree" theorem, and a second related theorem. These results show that if two or more agents, who have epistemic and credal states that are defined over algebras that do not include any self-locating propositions, have certain information about one another’s epistemic and credal states, then such agents must assign the same creden...

An apparently negative result of Montague has diverted research in formal modalities away from syntactic (“first-order”) approaches, encouraging rather weak and semantically complex modal formalisms, especially in representing epistemic notions. We show that, Montague notwithstanding, consistent and straightforward firstorder syntactic treatments of modality are possible, especially for belief ...

Introduction It is widely believed that addiction entails a loss of free will, even though this point is controversial among scholars. There is arguably a downside to this belief, in that addicts who believe they lack the free will to quit an addiction might therefore fail to quit an addiction. Methods A correlational study tested the relationship between belief in free will and addiction. Fo...

Objectives: This study aimed at performing a path analysis to assess the parameters of health belief model concerning BSE. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional care center, affiliated with Islamic Azad University Tehran, Faculty Medicine in northwest Iran was conducted from May June 2018. champion’s HBM scale, breast cancer knowledge test assessed all participants. SPSS-22 and Lisre...

Contrary to common perception, learning does not stop once knowledge has been transferred to an agent. Intelligent behaviour observed in humans and animals strongly suggests that after learning, we self-organise our experiences and knowledge, so that they can be more efficiently reused; a process that is unsupervised and employs reasoning based on the acquired knowledge. Our proposed algorithm ...