recently testing of quantum-dot cellular automata (qca) circuits has attracted a lot of attention. in this paper, qca is investigated for testable implementations of reversible logic. to amplify testability in reversible qca circuits, a test method regarding to built in self test technique is developed for detecting all simulated defects. a new reversible qca mux 2×1 design is proposed for the ...

Most previous delay of gratification tests were developed for children and are inappropriate for application in adults. The authors therefore developed the Delay of Gratification Test for Adults (DoG-A), which includes four types of reward that are meaningful to adults, namely snacks, real money, hypothetical money, and magazines. Four subscores and two composite scores can be calculated. This ...

The ability to delay gratification among learners could serve as an effective learning strategy useful to diminish the detrimental effect of test anxiety. Academic delay of gratification refers to students' postponement of immediately available opportunities to satisfy impulses in favor of pursuing chosen important academic rewards or goals that are temporally remote but ostensibly more valuabl...

background: the purpose of this study was to compare patient delay, diagnosis delay and treatment delay in breast cancer patients of selected public and private health centers in tehran, iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, female patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer in a public medical complex and a private breast clinic within one year were included. patient delay was consider...

A general relation between the group delay and the dwell time is derived for quantum tunneling. It is shown that the group delay is equal to the dwell time plus a self-interference delay. The Hartman effect in quantum tunneling is explained on the basis of saturation of the integrated probability density (or number of particles) under the barrier.

Directional switching in a self-propelled particle model with delayed interactions is investigated. It is shown that the average switching time is an increasing function of time delay. The presented results are applied to studying collective animal behavior. It is argued that self-propelled particle models with time delays can explain the state-dependent diffusion coefficient measured in experi...

This paper assumes each user has more than one queue, derives a new packet-dependant proportional fairness power allocation pattern based on the sum of weight capacity and the packet’s priority in users’ queues, and proposes 4 new cross-layer packet-dependant OFDM scheduling schemes based on proportional fairness for heterogeneous classes of traffic. Scenario 1, scenario 2 and scenario 3 lead r...

In this work a radio-frequency self-referencing WDM intensity-based fiber-optic sensor operating in reflective configuration and using virtual instrumentation is presented. The use of virtual delay lines at the reception stage, along with novel flexible self-referencing techniques, and using a single frequency, avoids all-optical or electrical-based delay lines approaches. This solution preserv...

Employing a survival analysis approach, this study synthesizes 3 aspects of gift literature and suggests their effects on the timing of dissolution for a romantic relationship. Products or services can be consumed for the purpose of enhancing self-attractiveness (self-gift), expressing love to partners (other-gift), and announcing a relationship to the outer world (joint-gift). Results indicate...