This paper looks at Thomas Szanto?s theory of hatred that suggests has an indeterminate affective focus and it derives its intensity from the commitment to attitude itself. Contrary theses, this claims hated properties are not necessarily fuzzy. On contrary, in many cases we can clearly reconstruct quasi-rational genesis hatred, by relying on deep structures behind social dynamics (as demonstra...

ABSTRACT This article demonstrates that in some contemporary German‐language novels Polish motifs serve as a foil for the negative projection of cultural self‐images. The image Poles is stereotypical because it contains high degree generalisation and embodies world views – such nationalism, anti‐Semitism, anti‐Romanyism, fundamentalism which contradict ideal self being tolerant open‐minded. fic...

Since the late 20th century, public discourse in Muslim-minority countries has centered around question of how to classify Muslims. In this paper, we compare state, academic, and self-classification Muslims two countries: United Kingdom Germany. We propose that historical experience anti-Semitism makes religion a more salient master category understand Germany, while history both anti-Black rac...