We investigated whether responses from different cone classes are combined before or after the nonlinearity that is responsible for generating nonlinear response components of the flicker electroretinogram (ERG). We measured the nonlinear response of the retina while systematically varying the modulation in the long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cones by changing the prop...

Macular pigment (MP) is a pre-receptoral filter that is diet derived and deposited in relatively high optical density in the foveal region of the retina. Due to its yellow coloration, MP absorbs light of relatively short wavelengths, ranging from 400 nm to 520 nm. Despite the spectral and spatial nonuniformity imposed upon the sensory retina by MP, perception appears to be relatively uniform ac...

The application of whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities for Nano detection and biosensing is a field of research seeing ongoing attention [1-15]. This method exploits the high quality-factor (Q) of the optical cavity for ultra-sensitive monitoring of shifts in the resonant wavelength. These resonant wavelength shifts are due to modifications in the optical properties of the resonator tha...