We report the photosensitization of crystalline silicon via energy transfer using covalently attached protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) derivative molecules at different distances via changing the diol linker to the surface. The diol linker molecule chain length was varied from 2 carbon to 10 carbon lengths in order to change the distance of PpIX to the Si(111) surface between 6 Å and 18 Å. Fluorescence...

Research on depth judgments has found a small but significant effect of object size on perceived depth (Gogel & Da Silva, 1987). Research on judgments of separation (e.g., Levin & Haber, 1993), however, has found that visual angle is the predominant determiner of exocentric distance judgments. The goal of the present research was to examine the influence of object size on judgments of lateral s...

We consider the problem of finding small distance-preserving subgraphs of undirected, unweighted interval graphs with k terminal vertices. We prove the following results. 1. Finding an optimal distance-preserving subgraph is NP-hard for general graphs. 2. Every interval graph admits a subgraph with O(k) branching vertices that approximates pairwise terminal distances up to an additive term of +...

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, mound-type tsunami evacuation facility has become crucial because evacuees to this type of survived disaster caused by tsunami. Based on examined results in Fukuroi City, Shizuoka Prefecture, a method for designing been developed. In design method, inundation depth estimated from simulation was applied examine crest height and stability facility. A high-re...

The expectation that information and communication technologies lead users to transcend the constraints of physical separation has been expressed as the death of distance. Perceptions of distance – the psychological distance – significantly influence how individuals evaluate events and objects. As computer mediated communication technologies allow individuals to interact as easily with those wh...

k-means++ [5] seeding procedure is a simple sampling based algorithm that is used to quickly find k centers which may then be used to start the Lloyd’s method. There has been some progress recently on understanding this sampling algorithm. Ostrovsky et al. [10] showed that if the data satisfies the separation condition that ∆k−1(P ) ∆k(P ) ≥ c (∆i(P ) is the optimal cost w.r.t. i centers, c > 1...