The dynamic nature of loads, seasonal variation of soil properties, uneven soil strata below footings or inappropriate design of foundation makes differential settlement inevitable. Differential settlement is largely responsible for developing forces or changing the existing forces in the structure and is often considered as the underlying cause of many structural failures. A structural enginee...

For sessile organisms, dispersal and recruitment are typically spatially stochastic, but there is little understanding of how this variability scales up to influence processes such as competitive coexistence. Here we argue that coexistence of benthic marine animals is enhanced by stochastic differences between species in the spatial distribution of larval settlement. Differentiation of settleme...

the ground improvement using plastic board drain (pbd) in soft soil was undertaken by sand mat formation, pbd installation, preloading surcharge, and removal of surcharge. during this procedure, the sand mat formation induced an initial settlement. however, it was very difficult to estimate that settlement due to pbd installation, which frequently destroyed the instruments installed in the grou...

Metamorphosis from a pelagic to a benthic stage is a critical transition in the life cycle of sessile marine invertebrates. The barnacle Semibalanus balanoides attaches permanently during settlement, and once attached, its gross location in the adult habitat is fixed. The partitioning of benthic habitat among barnacles in a recruit cohort is often mediated by settlement timing because early set...

In sessile marine invertebrates, larval settlement is fundamental to population maintenance and persistence. Cues contributing to the settlement choices and metamorphosis of larvae have important implications for the success of individuals and populations, but cues mediating larval settlement for many marine invertebrates are largely unknown. This study assessed larval settlement in two common ...

Coral populations, and the productive reef ecosystems they support, rely on successful recruitment of reef-building species, beginning with settlement of dispersing larvae into habitat favourable to survival. Many substrate cues have been identified as contributors to coral larval habitat selection; however, the potential for ambient acoustic cues to influence coral settlement responses is unkn...

Based on the method of BP neural network,a foundation settlement of BP neural network prediction model was established for a railway subgrade in HeFei area China. In the model, the previous field monitoring data was used as the training sample and the later settlement was predicted. The model was used for four test sections of the railway subgrade. The results showed that for the four test sect...

High-speed railways are built in deep soft-soil foundations interlayered with hard materials. However, the layers cannot be penetrated by conventional foundation treatment. Moreover, project cost is sometimes prohibitive, which an issue for post-construction subsidence control. The bag grouting pile a special grouting-pile-reinforcement technique treating This paper conducted tests on Ningbo-Ta...

For the layered ground in a large area, deformation under uniform load is analyzed numerically. Considering work property of concrete plane, uneven settlement strictly restrained using different foundation. In process calculation, according to linear interpolation multiple borehole elevations, geological profiles with soil layer thickness are formed, and influence compressed on total fully cons...

We present a spatial interaction entropy maximizing and structural dynamics model of settlements from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) and Iron Ages (IA) in the Khabur Triangle (KT) region within Syria. The model addresses factors that make locations attractive for trade and settlement, affecting settlement growth and change. We explore why some sites become relatively major settlements, while other...