In order to describe the relationships between endogenous sex hormones and bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 90 community-based women, all at least one year since their last menstrual period (mean 9.6 +/- 4.9 years, range 1-22) and with a serum oestradiol level less than 100 pmol/l. None was currently using hormone replacement therap...

OBJECTIVES Since sex hormone markers are metabolically linked, examining sex steroid hormones singly may account for inconsistent findings by age, race/ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) across studies. First, these markers were statistically combined into profiles to account for the metabolic relationship between markers. Then, the relationships between sex steroid hormone profiles and age, r...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been inconsistently associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. 86 consecutive T1DM cases and 140 unrelated age and sex matched healthy nondiabetic controls were included in the study. After history and examination, BMD and body composition were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum samples were analyzed for...

BACKGROUND It remains unknown if later life breast cancer risk as determined by reproductive history is mediated by postmenopausal breast density and/or sex steroid levels. METHODS Increased breast density is a strong surrogate for future breast cancer risk. A cross-sectional study with a longitudinal follow up for breast health outcomes evaluated women without breast cancer (n = 1,023; 682 =...

PCOS is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women between 12 and 45 years age, affecting 5-10% women. The patients were included in current study based on criteria Rotterdam diagnosis polycystic ovarian syndrome with at least two following three criteria: menstrual cycle disorder, chemical for high levels androgen, detection ovary using ultrasound (10 or more cysts 2-10 mm diameter...

There is a close relationship between the brain and the endocrine system. The brain expresses receptors for sex steroids and is capable of metabolizing these hormones. We explored (1) sex differences in homovanillic acid (HVA), a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine, and (2) the effects of cross-sex steroid administration in transsexual subjects. First, we compared plasma HVA levels betw...

Variations in the hormonal milieu after menopause may influence neural processes concerned with cognition, cognitive aging, and mood, but findings are inconsistent. In particular, cognitive effects of estradiol may vary with time since menopause, but this prediction has not been assessed directly using serum hormone concentrations. We studied 643 healthy postmenopausal women not using hormone t...

Cryptorchidism in horses is the most common congenital malformation, caused by a failure descent of testicles from abdominal cavity into scrotum. As result, there partial or complete loss reproductive potential although production and secretion steroid sex hormones anti-Mueller hormone, as well behavioral characteristics stallion, are maintained. The exact location undescended testis establishe...

Objective: The copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene resides on chromosome 21 and is over expressed in Down syndrome patients. Reactive oxygen species can initiate lipid peroxidation and DNA damage leading to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and cell death, if the antioxidant system is impaired. Down syndrome is associated with various forms of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism being the most comm...