background and aims: each year, the influenza virus causes moderate to severe infections with a high prevalence throughout the world. accordingly, an influenza vaccine that ensures protection with only a single dose would be a much more cost effective approach to influenza prophylaxis. generation of influenza non-replicating virus-like particles (vlp) in baculoviral expression system is an attr...

The acidic activation domains (AADs) of the baculovirus transactivators IE1 and IE0 are essential for transcriptional transactivation. To compare the relative transcriptional activation potentials of IE1 and IE0 AADs of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV), we constructed two ecdysone receptor (EcR)-based inducible expression syste...

Vip3Aa is an insecticidal protein that can effectively control certain lepidopteran pests and has been used widely in biological control. However, the mechanism of action unclear. In present study, we showed could cause autophagy Sf9 cells, which was confirmed by increased numbers GFP-Atg8 puncta, appearance autophagic vacuoles, elevated Atg8-II level. Moreover, found AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway inv...

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are two viruses commonly responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The lack of prophylactic or therapeutic measures against HFMD is a major public health concern. Insect cell-based EV71 and CVA16 virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates against HFMD and are currently under development. In this paper,...

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1) belongs to a family of Na+ and Cl--coupled transport proteins and possesses 12 putative transmembrane domains. To perform structural analyses of the GAT1 protein, the GAT1/green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was functionally expressed in insect Sf9 cells by the BAC-TO-BAC® baculovirus expression system. A two-step procedure to purif...

We previously reported a novel rhabdovirus produced from the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line, designated as Sf-rhabdovirus X+ since it contained unique accessory gene X. The genome sequence was generated using Sanger sequencing and short-read high-throughput (HTS). In this study, we have used long-read HTS technologies, PacBio’s single-molecule real-time Oxford’s Nanopore RNA direct sequenc...

Background: Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) play a critical role in the regulation of intracellular level of adenosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP) and guanosine 3´,5´-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP, cGMP). Subsequently PDE3 inhibitors have shown to relax vascular and inhibit platelet aggregation in cardiovascular disease. Objectives: In th...